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4th ELA Vocabulary

Flashcards for review

TermDefinition
act a main section of a drama, sometimes made up of scenes
adjective a word that describes a noun or a pronoun
adverb a word or phrase that describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb
affix a word part, such as a prefix or suffix, added to the beginning or end of a word to make a new word
alliteration the repetition of consonant sounds
antecedent a word or phrase represented by another word
antonyms words that mean the opposite of each other
author's purpose the reason an author writes a text, usually to inform, entertain, or persuade the reader
autobiography a personal account of the author's life written by the author
biography an account of a person's life written by someone else
caption a phrase, sentence, or paragraph that tells what a photograph or other graphic is about
cause the reason that something happens
cause-and-effect structure text organization in which the author explains what happened (effect) and why it happened (cause)
character a person, an animal, or an object that takes part in the action of a story
chronological structure a text organization in which the author presents events in the order in which they happened; also called sequence/ sequential order
claim a statement that an author makes about an idea, event, or observation
clause a group of words that contains both a subject and a verb
comma the punctuation mark used to separate elements within a sentence
compare-and-contrast structure a text organization in which the author points out how two or more things or ideas are alike and different
complete sentence a sentence that forms a complete thought, using a subject and a verb
compound sentence a sentence made up of two or more independent clauses connected by conjunctions
conclusion the end piece of writing in which the author restates his or her position and sums up the text's main points
conflict a problem that the characters solve in a fictional narrative
contrast to show how objects, ideas, people, places, events, or passages are different
coordinating conjunctions a word such as: and, or, so, or but, that joins two independent clauses in a sentence
detail information that supports the main idea in a piece of writing
diagram a drawing with labels that shows the different parts of an object or how something works
dialogue the words that characters speak in a drama; in fiction stories, a conversation between characters, with their speech in quotation marks
drama a story that is performed on a stage by actors; a play
effect a result of a cause
ellipsis ( ... ) a series of spaced periods showing a trailing thought or that text has been omitted
essay a type of writing that presents a main idea or claim supported by reasons and details
evidence information, or facts, used to support a main idea or claim
exclamation point ( ! ) an end punctuation mark that shows excitement, shock, or surprise
fact information that is true and can be proven
fiction writing about made-up people and events
figurative language words or phrases that mean something different from their dictionary definitions
firsthand account a text in which the author describes an event that he or she is observing or has observed
first-person point of view tge perspective in which the narrator is a character in the story and uses the pronoun I
folktale a story from long ago that has been repeated for many years
free verse a poem that does not follow fixed rules of rhythm or rhyme
grammar a system of language used in writing and speaking
graphic feature a photograph, illustration, timeline, diagram, map, graph, or flowchart that adds new information or makes text easier to understand
haiku a very short poem, usually about nature, that has 3 lines and just 17 syllables
heading a word or phrase above a section of text that tells what the section is about
historical fiction a type of fiction about people or events in the past; is mostly made-up but may involve important people or events from history
idiom a word or phrase that has a different meaning from the meaning of the individual words
independent clause a group of words with a subject and verb that represents a complete thought and could stand alone as a simple sentence
inference an educated guess that a reader makes about the text; based on evidence the author provides and the reader's prior knowledge
informal language the type of language that people use in everyday conversation and some types of writing; may include incomplete sentences, slang, and contractions
formal language the type of language used in most writing; includes complete sentences, proper grammar, and well-chosen vocabulary
informational text nonfiction text, such as a biography, essay, speech, or textbook, in which the author presents facts about the real world
introduction the beginning of a piece of writing that gets the reader's attention and presents the text's main idea
legend a type of folktale about heroes and their brave actions
line a row of words; the basic building block of a poem
literal language words or phrases that use their actual meaning
literary nonfiction informational texts that are mostly based on fact but may have some elements of fiction, such as a plot and a narrator
main idea the most important idea in a piece of writing
metaphor a comparison that does not use the words like or as
meter the "beat" or pattern of rhythm in a poem
modal auxiliary verb a verb such as: can, might, should, could, and must that shows the possibility or necessity of an action
myth a traditional story from a certain place; may give reasons for how something works or how it was created
narrative poem a poem that tells a story
narrator the person or character who tells a story
nonfiction writing that tells about the real world with facts about people, places, event, and things; also called informational text
noun a word that names a person, place, or thing
opinion a statement based on feelings or beliefs that cannot be proven true; a type of writing in which the author states a personal belief and tries to [persuade others to agree
personification the type of figurative language in which hum qualities are given to nonhuman things
plot the series of events in a story that includes the character's actions, a conflict, and a resolution
plot structure the organization of the events in a story, including the beginning, middle, end, problem, and solution
poetry writing that uses words in lines and stanzas to create a strong feeling, image, or message through meaning, sound, and rhythm
point of view how a story or poem is told by a narrator; how an author feels about a topic
predicate the part of a sentence that contains a verb and tells what the subject does
prefix a word part of affix, added to the beginning of a word or root to change the word's meaning
preposition a word that comes before a noun or pronoun to show direction, location, or time
prepositional phrase a phrase that shows time, space, or position; begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun
problem a difficult situation, obstacle, or challenge; also called conflict
problem-and-solution structure text organization in which the author states a problem and suggests a way to solve the problem
progressive tense the tense that shows action in progress, using a form of the verb "be" with the main verb
pronoun a word that takes the place of a noun
proper adjective an adjective that comes from the name of a specific person, place, or thing , such as Ferris wheel or Brussels sprouts
proper noun a noun that names a specific person, place, or thing
quotation marks punctuation used to show the exact words of a speaker
realistic fiction the type of fiction that has characters, events, and a setting that could exist in the real world
repetition the repeating of a word, phrase, or line
scene a smaller section of an act in a drama
sensory descriptions details that tell how things look, feel, sound, smell, and taste
sentence fragment an incomplete sentence, lacking either a subject or a verb
setting where and when a story takes place
sidebar a text feature that gives additional information but is set off from the main part of the text
simile a comparison that uses like or as
speaker the narrator of a poem
stage directions the words in a drama that tell the actors how to speak their lines or how to move; includes information about sound, lighting, props, and costumes
stanza a group of lines that make up a section of a poem
subheading a text feature that breaks down the sections of a text into even smaller parts
subject The part of a sentence that tells what or whom the sentence is about
suffix a word part, or affix, added to the end of a word or root to change the word's meaning
summarize to retell in your own words the most important plot events of a story or the main ideas and key details of a nonfiction text
synonyms words that have the same or almost the same meaning
tense refers to when the action of a verb takes place
text-dependent analysis A type of writing in which the author states a position, or gives an opinion, about one or more texts; must be supported with text evidence
text evidence the details and information from a text that are used to support inferences or ideas
text feature an element, such as a heading, bulleted list, or caption, that helps readers find and follow facts and ideas
text structure the way in which text is organized, such as by sequence, cause and effect, compare and contrast, or problem and solution
theme the lesson or message that the author of a story or poem wants to share
third-person point of view the perspective in which the narrator is not a character in the story and describes people and their actions using words such as : he, she, and they
timeline a graphic that shows the dates and order of events over a specific time period
topic sentence a sentence that explains the main idea of either a paragraph or nonfiction text
transition a word or phrase that connects sentences, paragraphs, or ideas to help writing flow
verb a word that shows action or state of being
Created by: user-1811755
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