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4th ELA Vocabulary
Flashcards for review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| act | a main section of a drama, sometimes made up of scenes |
| adjective | a word that describes a noun or a pronoun |
| adverb | a word or phrase that describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb |
| affix | a word part, such as a prefix or suffix, added to the beginning or end of a word to make a new word |
| alliteration | the repetition of consonant sounds |
| antecedent | a word or phrase represented by another word |
| antonyms | words that mean the opposite of each other |
| author's purpose | the reason an author writes a text, usually to inform, entertain, or persuade the reader |
| autobiography | a personal account of the author's life written by the author |
| biography | an account of a person's life written by someone else |
| caption | a phrase, sentence, or paragraph that tells what a photograph or other graphic is about |
| cause | the reason that something happens |
| cause-and-effect structure | text organization in which the author explains what happened (effect) and why it happened (cause) |
| character | a person, an animal, or an object that takes part in the action of a story |
| chronological structure | a text organization in which the author presents events in the order in which they happened; also called sequence/ sequential order |
| claim | a statement that an author makes about an idea, event, or observation |
| clause | a group of words that contains both a subject and a verb |
| comma | the punctuation mark used to separate elements within a sentence |
| compare-and-contrast structure | a text organization in which the author points out how two or more things or ideas are alike and different |
| complete sentence | a sentence that forms a complete thought, using a subject and a verb |
| compound sentence | a sentence made up of two or more independent clauses connected by conjunctions |
| conclusion | the end piece of writing in which the author restates his or her position and sums up the text's main points |
| conflict | a problem that the characters solve in a fictional narrative |
| contrast | to show how objects, ideas, people, places, events, or passages are different |
| coordinating conjunctions | a word such as: and, or, so, or but, that joins two independent clauses in a sentence |
| detail | information that supports the main idea in a piece of writing |
| diagram | a drawing with labels that shows the different parts of an object or how something works |
| dialogue | the words that characters speak in a drama; in fiction stories, a conversation between characters, with their speech in quotation marks |
| drama | a story that is performed on a stage by actors; a play |
| effect | a result of a cause |
| ellipsis ( ... ) | a series of spaced periods showing a trailing thought or that text has been omitted |
| essay | a type of writing that presents a main idea or claim supported by reasons and details |
| evidence | information, or facts, used to support a main idea or claim |
| exclamation point ( ! ) | an end punctuation mark that shows excitement, shock, or surprise |
| fact | information that is true and can be proven |
| fiction | writing about made-up people and events |
| figurative language | words or phrases that mean something different from their dictionary definitions |
| firsthand account | a text in which the author describes an event that he or she is observing or has observed |
| first-person point of view | tge perspective in which the narrator is a character in the story and uses the pronoun I |
| folktale | a story from long ago that has been repeated for many years |
| free verse | a poem that does not follow fixed rules of rhythm or rhyme |
| grammar | a system of language used in writing and speaking |
| graphic feature | a photograph, illustration, timeline, diagram, map, graph, or flowchart that adds new information or makes text easier to understand |
| haiku | a very short poem, usually about nature, that has 3 lines and just 17 syllables |
| heading | a word or phrase above a section of text that tells what the section is about |
| historical fiction | a type of fiction about people or events in the past; is mostly made-up but may involve important people or events from history |
| idiom | a word or phrase that has a different meaning from the meaning of the individual words |
| independent clause | a group of words with a subject and verb that represents a complete thought and could stand alone as a simple sentence |
| inference | an educated guess that a reader makes about the text; based on evidence the author provides and the reader's prior knowledge |
| informal language | the type of language that people use in everyday conversation and some types of writing; may include incomplete sentences, slang, and contractions |
| formal language | the type of language used in most writing; includes complete sentences, proper grammar, and well-chosen vocabulary |
| informational text | nonfiction text, such as a biography, essay, speech, or textbook, in which the author presents facts about the real world |
| introduction | the beginning of a piece of writing that gets the reader's attention and presents the text's main idea |
| legend | a type of folktale about heroes and their brave actions |
| line | a row of words; the basic building block of a poem |
| literal language | words or phrases that use their actual meaning |
| literary nonfiction | informational texts that are mostly based on fact but may have some elements of fiction, such as a plot and a narrator |
| main idea | the most important idea in a piece of writing |
| metaphor | a comparison that does not use the words like or as |
| meter | the "beat" or pattern of rhythm in a poem |
| modal auxiliary verb | a verb such as: can, might, should, could, and must that shows the possibility or necessity of an action |
| myth | a traditional story from a certain place; may give reasons for how something works or how it was created |
| narrative poem | a poem that tells a story |
| narrator | the person or character who tells a story |
| nonfiction | writing that tells about the real world with facts about people, places, event, and things; also called informational text |
| noun | a word that names a person, place, or thing |
| opinion | a statement based on feelings or beliefs that cannot be proven true; a type of writing in which the author states a personal belief and tries to [persuade others to agree |
| personification | the type of figurative language in which hum qualities are given to nonhuman things |
| plot | the series of events in a story that includes the character's actions, a conflict, and a resolution |
| plot structure | the organization of the events in a story, including the beginning, middle, end, problem, and solution |
| poetry | writing that uses words in lines and stanzas to create a strong feeling, image, or message through meaning, sound, and rhythm |
| point of view | how a story or poem is told by a narrator; how an author feels about a topic |
| predicate | the part of a sentence that contains a verb and tells what the subject does |
| prefix | a word part of affix, added to the beginning of a word or root to change the word's meaning |
| preposition | a word that comes before a noun or pronoun to show direction, location, or time |
| prepositional phrase | a phrase that shows time, space, or position; begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun |
| problem | a difficult situation, obstacle, or challenge; also called conflict |
| problem-and-solution structure | text organization in which the author states a problem and suggests a way to solve the problem |
| progressive tense | the tense that shows action in progress, using a form of the verb "be" with the main verb |
| pronoun | a word that takes the place of a noun |
| proper adjective | an adjective that comes from the name of a specific person, place, or thing , such as Ferris wheel or Brussels sprouts |
| proper noun | a noun that names a specific person, place, or thing |
| quotation marks | punctuation used to show the exact words of a speaker |
| realistic fiction | the type of fiction that has characters, events, and a setting that could exist in the real world |
| repetition | the repeating of a word, phrase, or line |
| scene | a smaller section of an act in a drama |
| sensory descriptions | details that tell how things look, feel, sound, smell, and taste |
| sentence fragment | an incomplete sentence, lacking either a subject or a verb |
| setting | where and when a story takes place |
| sidebar | a text feature that gives additional information but is set off from the main part of the text |
| simile | a comparison that uses like or as |
| speaker | the narrator of a poem |
| stage directions | the words in a drama that tell the actors how to speak their lines or how to move; includes information about sound, lighting, props, and costumes |
| stanza | a group of lines that make up a section of a poem |
| subheading | a text feature that breaks down the sections of a text into even smaller parts |
| subject | The part of a sentence that tells what or whom the sentence is about |
| suffix | a word part, or affix, added to the end of a word or root to change the word's meaning |
| summarize | to retell in your own words the most important plot events of a story or the main ideas and key details of a nonfiction text |
| synonyms | words that have the same or almost the same meaning |
| tense | refers to when the action of a verb takes place |
| text-dependent analysis | A type of writing in which the author states a position, or gives an opinion, about one or more texts; must be supported with text evidence |
| text evidence | the details and information from a text that are used to support inferences or ideas |
| text feature | an element, such as a heading, bulleted list, or caption, that helps readers find and follow facts and ideas |
| text structure | the way in which text is organized, such as by sequence, cause and effect, compare and contrast, or problem and solution |
| theme | the lesson or message that the author of a story or poem wants to share |
| third-person point of view | the perspective in which the narrator is not a character in the story and describes people and their actions using words such as : he, she, and they |
| timeline | a graphic that shows the dates and order of events over a specific time period |
| topic sentence | a sentence that explains the main idea of either a paragraph or nonfiction text |
| transition | a word or phrase that connects sentences, paragraphs, or ideas to help writing flow |
| verb | a word that shows action or state of being |
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