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Cardio to Digestive
Vocabulary from Cardio to Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| angioplasty | surgical repair of a blood vessel |
| erythrocyte | red blood cell that transports oxygen to body tissues and organs |
| hemoglobin | an iron-containing protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to body organs and tissues, and carries carbon dioxide from the body organs and tissues to the lungs for exhalation |
| myocardial | muscle of the heart |
| plaque | an accumulation of cholesterol in a blood vessel, often resulting in a restricted blood flow and insufficient oxygen being transported to the tissues |
| anemia | a reduction in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin, resulting in the decreased ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen to body cells and tissues |
| angina | chest pain that may radiate to the arms, jaw, neck, abdomen, or back, but not as severe as a heart attack. May be caused by exercise or a decrease in the blood supply to the heart. |
| bradycardia | a decreased heart rate |
| edema | an excessive amount of fluid accumulates in the body, often around the ankles |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the heart muscle; caused by bacteria |
| tachycardia | a rapid heart rate |
| antithrombin | a naturally occurring protein stimulated by certain medications to counteract the effects of thrombin resulting in anticoagulation |
| fibrin | protein formed from the conversion of fibrinogen which acts by forming a net to stabilize the platelet plug, thus forming a thrombus or clot. |
| fibrinogen | substance converted to fibrin by the direct stimulation of thrombin |
| plasmin | enzyme responsible for breaking down fibrin |
| plasminogen | substance converted to plasmin by the direct stimulation of the thrombolytic drug class |
| platelet activation | Second step in the formation of a platelet plug in which a platelet changes its shape to better form a platelet plug while exposing IIb/IIIa receptors |
| platelet adhesion | First step in the formation of platelet plug in which a platelet sticks to a damaged area on an artery. |
| platelet aggregation | Third step in the formation of a platelet plug in which platelets stick to each other by binding to IIb/IIIa receptors thus forming a stable platelet plug. |
| thrombin (factor IIa) | A major protein responsible for blood coagulation that works in the clotting cascade and also stimulates platelet activation. |
| prothrombin | Substance converted to thrombin by the stimulation of the cofactor complex of factors Va and Xa. |
| thrombocyte | Also known as a platelet, which is a small blood cell responsible for forming a platelet plug during blood coagulation. |
| thrombus | A blood clot |
| Von Willebrand factor (vWf | Substance exposed on a damaged artery surface that allows platelets to stick to and begin the formation of a platelet plug. |
| Pentasaccharides | Indirectly inhibit factor Xa via antithrombin, a natural anticoagulant in the body. |
| Thrombolytics | Convert plasminogen to plasmin to break down clots |
| dyspnea | shortness of breath |
| histamine (H1) | A chemical released by mast cells during an allergen reaction which may cause symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, wheezing, and watery eyes. |
| rhinorrhea | An excessive flow of mucus from the nose (runny nose). |
| cystic fibrosis | Genetic disorder affecting mostly Caucasian populations, where excessive amounts of thick mucus blocks the airways, resulting in wheezing, coughing, and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. |
| pertussis | A contagious bacterial infection, resulting in a loud, deep coughing; also known as whooping cough. |
| allergen | Any substance capable of causing an allergic response. |
| antigen | A substance such as a bacterium or virus, which the body recognizes as foreign. |
| antibody | A protein produced by the immune system that targets a specific antigen to inhibit it from invading the body cells and tissues. |
| allergy | An altered reaction of body tissues in response to an allergen that affects some people who are sensitive to that allergen, but not others. |
| anitbiotic | A medication that is used to stop the growth of bacteria but is not effective in viral infections. |
| anithistamine | A medication that blocks histamine, a type of allergen that is produced by white blood cells, to control allergic reactions. |
| immunosuppressant | A medication that prevents or reduces the immune system's defensive actions that usually protect the body from invasion by foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses; often used by patients who have had an organ transplant. |
| leukocyte | A white blood cell which functions by fighting infection. |
| pathogen | A microorganism (bacteria or virus) that can cause disease. |
| Virus | A microorganism that invades body cells and replicates itself to eventually invade or spread to neighboring tissues. |
| cellulitis | Bacterial infection common on the legs, usually caused by strep or staph infections. |
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | A virus that targets specific white blood cells (CD4 white blood cells) resulting in compromised immunity. |
| lupus | An autoimmune disorder usually characterized by a decrease in blood cells, arthritis, and skin abnormalities, especially on the face (butterfly rash). |
| measles | Highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and small red spots with blue-white centers that appear on the skin inside the mouth. |
| mumps | An acute viral disease characterized by selling of the salivary glands. |
| shingles | A painful inflammation of nere cells, usually on the trunk of the body, caused by the same virus that caused chicken pox, which may occur many years or decades after exposure to the virus. |
| bactericidal | Medications that kill bacteria |
| bacteriostatic | Medications that inhibit the growth of bacteria |
| antiemetic | A medication used for motion sickness |
| chief cells | Cells located in the digestive tract that secrete pepsinogen which is then converted to pepsin to aid in the digestion of proteins. |
| bile | A fluid secreted by the liver that aids in the digestion of fats. |
| cyclooxygenase (COX) | Enzyme responsible for the formation of prostaglandins and the site that is inhibited by several pain medications including NSAIDs. |
| Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell | Cell located in the digestive tract which release histamine to stimulate parietal cells thus increasing the amount of stomach acid produced. |
| G cells | Cells located in the digestive tract which secrete gastrin which stimulates ECL cells and parietal cells thus increasing the amount of stomach acid produced. |
| gastrin | Hormone responsible for stimulating parietal and ECL cells to increase the amount of stomach acid produced. |
| goblet cells | Cells located in the digestive tract responsible for secreting mucus to protect the lining of the digestive tract from stomach acid. |
| parietal cells | Cells located in the digestive tract responsible for directly secreting stomach acid. H2As and PPIs work on these cells to treat GERD and heartburn. |
| pepsin | Enzyme formed from pepsinogen which aids in the digestion of proteins. |
| pepsinogen | Substance secreted by chief cells which converts into pepsin in the presence of stomach acid. |
| peristalsis | Contractions of the smooth muscle in the GI tract that propel or move food down the GI tract. |
| prostaglandin | Substance secreted by COX which protects the digestive tract lining by stimulating mucus production. |
| proton pump | A pump located in parietal cells which secretes stomach acid when parietal cells are stimulated. |
Created by:
gregtaylor1974
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