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AP Psych Unit 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DSM-5 | The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), is a handbook used by mental health professionals to diagnose and classify mental disorders. |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) | A mental health condition characterized by persistent and excessive worry or anxiety about various aspects of life, often without a specific cause. |
| Social Anxiety Disorder | A mental health condition characterized by intense fear or anxiety of social situations, where individuals fear judgment, embarrassment, or scrutiny by others. |
| Agoraphobia | An anxiety disorder marked by fear and avoidance of situations or places that might cause panic, embarrassment, or feelings of helplessness. |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | A mental health disorder characterized by recurring, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that individuals feel driven to perform to alleviate anxiety or distress. |
| Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | A mental health disorder that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, characterized by symptoms such as flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the event. |
| Major Depressive Disorder | A mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest or pleasure in activities, often accompanied by other symptoms such as changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, and difficulty concentrating. |
| Mania | A state of elevated mood, energy, and irritability often associated with bipolar disorder, where individuals may experience euphoria, increased activity, racing thoughts, and impulsive behavior. |
| Bipolar Disorder | A mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of mania or hypomania (elevated mood) and depression. |
| Schizophrenia | A chronic and severe mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, emotions, and behavior. Symptoms may include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and social withdrawal. |
| Psychosis | A mental state characterized by a loss of contact with reality, which may include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and impaired perception of reality. |
| Somatic Symptom Disorder | A mental health condition characterized by excessive and disproportionate focus on physical symptoms, often accompanied by high levels of anxiety about health or illness. |
| Illness Anxiety Disorder | Formerly known as hypochondriasis, illness anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive worry and preoccupation with having or developing a serious illness, despite little or no medical evidence to support the presence of an illness. |
| Dissociative Disorder | A mental health condition characterized by disruptions or discontinuity in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment. |
| Anorexia Nervosa | An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image, leading to self-imposed starvation and often excessive weight loss. |
| Bulimia Nervosa | An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, fasting, or excessive exercise. |
| Binge Eating Disorder | An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of uncontrollable binge eating without the compensatory behaviors seen in bulimia nervosa. |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | A personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, often accompanied by a lack of empathy and remorse. |
| Biomedical Therapy | Treatment approaches for mental disorders that involve medical interventions, such as medication or physical treatments like electroconvulsive therapy. |
| Counterconditioning | A behavior therapy technique used to replace undesirable responses to stimuli with more adaptive or acceptable responses. |
| Exposure Therapy | A type of behavior therapy that involves gradually exposing individuals to the feared object or situation in a controlled and safe manner to reduce anxiety or fear responses. |
| Systematic Desensitization | A specific type of exposure therapy where individuals are gradually exposed to anxiety-provoking stimuli while simultaneously engaging in relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety responses. |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) | A biomedical treatment for severe depression and other mental illnesses that involves administering a controlled electrical current to the brain, typically under general anesthesia, to induce a brief seizure. |
| Lobotomy | A now obsolete surgical procedure that involves cutting or damaging connections to and from the prefrontal cortex of the brain, often used in the past to treat severe mental illnesses but associated with significant side effects and ethical concerns. |
| Psychopharmacology | The study of how drugs affect mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior, particularly in the treatment of mental disorders. |
| Aversive Conditioning | A behavior therapy technique that aims to reduce unwanted behaviors by pairing them with unpleasant stimuli to create a negative association. |
| Neurodevelopmental Disorders | Impaired Social Interaction, Communication Challenges, Repetitive Behaviors or Restricted Interests |
| Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders | Hallucinations, Delusion, Disorganized Thinking |
| Bipolar | Mania, Depression, Mood Swings |
| Depressive Disorders | Persistent Sadness, Loss of Interest or Pleasure, Fatigue or Loss of Energy |
| Anxiety Disorders | Excessive Worry, Physical Symptoms, Avoidance Behavior |
| Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders | Obsessions, Compulsions, Impairment in functioning |
| Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders | Intrusive Memories, Avoidance Behaviors, Hyperarousal |
| Feeding and Eating Disorders | Preoccupation with Food and Body Image, Restrictive Eating Patterns, Binge Eating or Purging Behaviors |
| Elimination Disorders | Encopresis, Enuresis, Repeated urinary tract infections (UTIs) |
| Sleep Wake Disorders | Insomnia, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS), Abnormal Sleep Behaviors |
| Sexual Dysfunctions | Decreased Libido, Erectile Dysfunction, Premature Ejaculation |
| Gender Dysphoria | Persistent discomfort, Discontent with one's primary or secondary sexual characteristics, Conflict between one's experienced or expressed gender and the gender assigned at birth |
| Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders | Frequent Violation of the Rights of Others, Impulsive Behavior, Persistent Patterns of Rule Violation |
| Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders | Cravings, Tolerance, Withdrawal |
| Neurocognitive Disorders | Memory Impairment, Impaired Judgment and Decision Making, Language and Communication Problems |
| Personality Disorders | Impaired Interpersonal Relationships, Maladaptive Coping Mechanisms, Distorted Self-Image |
| Paraphilic Disorders | Sexual Arousal to Nonhuman Objects, Difficulty Establishing, Distress or Impairment |
| Other Mental Disorders | Persistent Sadness, Social Withdrawal, Intrusive Thoughts |
| Medication-Induced Movement Disorders and Other adverse Effects of Medication | Tardive Dyskinesia, Akathisia, Parkinsonism |
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fallxinSnow
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