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US Corrections
Vocabulary from Ch 15 of Criminal Justice
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Corrections | Agencies of justice that take control of offenders following thier conviction |
| Prisons | State or federal connrections institution for incarceration of felons for one year or more |
| Jails | Place to detain people awaiting trial, drunks, and other disorderly individualsor misdemeanants for less than one year |
| Hulks | Old ships used to house prisoners in eighteenth century England |
| John Howard | Eighteenth century Brit who wrote The State of Prisons |
| Walnut Street Jail | A wing of this jail became a prison because of pressures from the Quakers on the Pennsylvania State Legislature |
| Penitentiary House | Prisoner quarters in the Walnut Street Jail that had solitart cells |
| Tier System | Cells built vertically on five floors under the Auburn System |
| Congregate System | Prisoners eat and work in groups |
| Auburn System | In nineteenth century New York, stressed congregate working conditions |
| Pennsylvania System | Nineteenth century system that stressed total isolation |
| Contract System | Used in early twentieth century, prisoners were leased out for private work |
| Convict-Lease System | State leased out inmates to a business for a fixed annual fee and gave up supervision and control |
| Property in Service | Control of prisoner is transferred to the contractor or shipmaster for the remainder of their sentance |
| Ticket of Leave | Conditional release where former prisoners are let out in specified areas, and conditions of release are written in a license they are required to carry at all times |
| Mark System | Inmates earn thier ticket of leave by good behavior and hard work |
| Summers-Ashurst Act | 1940 act making it illegal to transport in interstate commerce goods made in prison for private use |
| Prisoners' Rights Movement | Many cases ruled that inmates had rights to freedom of religion and speech, medical care, procedural due process, and proper living conditions |
| Medical Model | Idea that inmates are "sick people" who are suffering from some social malady preventing them from adjusting to society |
| Maximum Security Prisons | House dangerous felons with strict security measures and allowing limited contact with the outside world |
| Medium Security Prisons | House nonviolent offedners and provide more opportunity for contact with the outside world |
| Minimum Security Prisons | House white-collar and nonviolent offenders and allow liberal furloughs and visitation |
| Shock Incarceration | Short prison sentance serverd in a boot-camp |
| Boot Camps | Short term militaristic corrections facility involving intensive physical conditioning and discipline |
| Community Corrections | State and federal correctional systems for an alternative to closed institutions |
| Halfway Houses | Community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before outright release into the community to allow for acclimation into conventional society |
Created by:
fran0715
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