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Geo Lab Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Number of major properties used for mineral classification | 6 |
| 2 major types of igneous rock textures | intrusive & extrusive |
| 2 things that cause metamorphism | intense heat and pressure |
| Type of rock formed from precipitation from aqueous solutions | sedimentary rock |
| The more rounded and sorted a sediment is... | the farther from its source it is |
| Is continental crust felsic or mafic? | felsic |
| 2 processes of lithification | compaction and cementation |
| Glassy and vesicular textures are caused by... | rapid cooling of extrusive igneous rock |
| The environment where contact metamorphism occurs | low/moderate pressure and high temperature |
| 2 main textures of metamorphic rocks | foliated and non-foliated |
| In the rock cycle, what type of rocks can undergo melting to form magma? | all 3 types: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic |
| On Bowen's Reaction Series, what mineral crystallizes at the lowest temperature? | olivine |
| Protolith of marble | Calcite |
| Rock with the highest grade of metamorphism | Shale |
| Marble characteristics (metamorphic) | white, flat, smooth texture, effervescence |
| Slate characteristics (metamorphic) | black, thin rectangle |
| Gneiss characteristics (metamorphic) | black and white foliation |
| Schiste characteristics (metamorphic) | 2 pieces with faint foliation |
| Quartzite characteristics (metamorphic) | gray, looks like quartz |
| Conglomerate characteristics (sedimentary) | gray, large and small white grains |
| Breccia characteristics (sedimentary) | orange, large white and black grains |
| Shale characteristics (sedimentary) | black, sharp and even breaks |
| Fossiliferous Limestone characteristics (sedimentary) | white, visible fossils and shells |
| Arkose Sandstone characteristics (sedimentary) | red, small crystals |
| Quartz Sandstone characteristics (sedimentary) | tan, sandy texture |
| Coquina characteristics (sedimentary) | tan, made mostly out of shells |
| Chert characteristics (sedimentary) | 2 pieces: 1 pinkish, &1 gray, smooth texture |
| Obsidian characteristics (igneous) | black, glassy texture |
| Basalt characteristics (igneous) | 3 pieces, dark gray, large white grains, vesicles |
| Pumice characteristics (igneous) | light gray, vesicles |
| Andesite characteristics (igneous) | gray, large white grains |
| Rhyolite characteristics (igneous) | pinkish, white grains, tiny quartz crystals |
| Gabbro characteristics (igneous) | black, small crystals |
| Scoria characteristics (igneous) | red, small vesicles |
| Granite characteristics (igneous) | pink, gray, and black spots, coarse-grained |
| Diorite characteristics (igneous) | black and white crystals, phaneritic |
| Talc characteristics (mineral) | white, easily scratches with nail (1 Moh) |
| Hematite characteristics (mineral) | 2 pieces: 1 red & 1 black, shiny luster, heavy |
| Olivine characteristics (mineral) | yellow and black crystals, dull luster |
| Biotite characteristics (mineral) | thin sheet, black, glassy luster |
| Calcite characteristics (mineral) | opaque-yellowish, effervescence |
| Pyrite characteristics (mineral) | dark gold-blackish, silver 90 degree cleavage |
| Muscovite characteristics (mineral) | thin sheet, clearish-tan |
| Chalcopyrite characteristics (mineral) | bright gold, dull or earthy luster |
| Magnetite characteristics (mineral) | magnetic, dull luster, black with a slight sparkle |
| Geothite characteristics (mineral) | reddish-brown, lots of vesicles |
| Quartz characteristics (mineral) | pink, dull luster |
| Fluorite characteristics (mineral) | 2 pieces: 1 dark purple & 1 light purple, scratches with nail (<2.5 Moh) |
| Gypsum characteristics (mineral) | clearish-pink, white streak |
| Galena characteristics (mineral) | metallic luster, grayish-black, sharp cleavage |
| 6 properties used to identify minerals | luster, crystal face/habit, hardness, cleavage, color, streak |
| 4 characteristics of minerals | 1) naturally occurring solid 2) formed through an inorganic process 3) characteristic crystal structure 4) specific chemcial composition |
| 2 main types of igneous rock textures | Porphyritic and phaneritic |
| Porphyritic | volcanic texture that includes large mineral grains among small grains |
| Phaneritic | a texture that includes large mineral grains, due to magma cooling slowly |
| 2 examples of classic mafic rocks | basalt and gabbro |
| Mafic | dark colored igneous rocks that have about 50% of silica |
| Felsic | light colored igneous rocks that have 70%+ of silica |
| 3 examples of classic felsic rocks | granite, obsidian, and rhyolite |
| 3 characteristics of continental crust | 1) thicker and older 2) less dense 3) mostly made up of granite |
| 3 characteristics of oceanic crust | 1) thinner and younger 2) denser 3) mostly made up of basalt |
| 3 types of metamorphism | schist, gneiss, & granofel |
| Schist | metamorphic rocks that have foliation in which the layers are 1 cm or smaller in width |
| Gneiss | metamorphic rocks that have foliation of alternating dark and light layers |
| Granofel | metamorphic rocks that lack foliation |
| 3 common protoliths | shale, sandstones, limestones |
| Metamorphic Grades | The grade of a metamorphic rock is determined by the level of heat/temperature a rock is subject to; low-grade rocks include slate and muscovite; intermediate-grade rocks include schist and biotite; high-grade rocks include gneiss |
| Example of metamorphic grade | Shale can turn into slate (low grade), schist (intermediate grade), or gneiss (high grade) depending on the level of heat |
| 2 processes that form sedimentary rocks | cementation and compaction |
| 4 sedimentary rock textures | 1) very angular grains 2) subangular grains 3) subround grains 4) well-rounded grains |
| Bowen's Reaction Series | a representation of the sequence in which minerals crystallize from a cooling magma; the first mineral to crystallize is olivine and the last is quartz |
Created by:
MeadowM
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