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Medications
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What class is Activated Charcoal | Antidotes + Chelators - Intestinal absorbents |
| What is the Presentation of Activated Charcoal | Granules for Suspension |
| How do you administer Activated Charcoal | PO - Oral Suspension |
| What are the Indications for Activated Charcoal | Acute Oral Poisoning/Drug OD |
| What are the Contraindications of Activated Charcoal | No Contraindications - But is poor in binding cyanide/strong acids |
| What is the dosage for Activated Charcoal | 50g PO + reconstituted with water |
| What are the Side Effects of Activated Charcoal | Bezoar/Constipation/Diarrhoea/GI Disorders/Black Stools |
| What is the additional info for Activated Charcoal | May be mixed with soft drinks/juice for ease of administration |
| What class is Adrenaline | Sympathtic agonist - Vasoconstrictor |
| What is the Presentation of Adrenaline | Pre filled syringe/ampoule/auto injector 1mg/1mL |
| How is Adrenaline administered | IM |
| What are the Indications for Adrenaline | Severe allergic reaction/anaphylaxis/Stridor |
| Contra Indications of Adrenaline | Hypersensitivity to excipents |
| What is the Dosage of Adrenaline for an Adult | Adults Anaphylaxis - 500mcg IM |
| What is the Dosage of Adrenaline for a Child suffering Anaphylaxis | Anaphylaxis - <6mths - 10mcg/kg IM 6mths - <6yrs - 150mcg IM >6yrs - <12yrs - 300mcg IM >12yrs - 300mcg if small child - 500mcg if bigger child |
| What is the Dosage of Adrenaline for a Child suffering Stridor | <1yrs - 2.5mg NEB >1yrs - 5mg NEB Repeat after 30mins |
| What are the Side Effects of Adrenaline | Palpitations/Tachyarrythmias/Hypertension/Angina like symptoms |
| What is the class of Aspirin | Antithrombotic - Antiplatelet |
| What is the Presentation of Aspirin | 300mg dispersible tablet + 300mg Enteric Coated tablet |
| How do you administer Aspirin | PO - Dispersed in water or chewed |
| What are the Indications of Aspirin | Cardiac Chest Pain/Suspected MI/ STEMI/NSTEMI |
| What are the ContraIndications of Aspirin | Active GI Ulcer/Bleeding Disorder/KSAR/Age |
| What is the dosage of Aspirin | 300mg Tablet |
| What are the Side Effects of Aspirin | Epigastric Pain/Bronchospasm/GI Haemorrhage/Increased Bleeding Time/Skin reactions in hypersenstive pt |
| What is the additional Information of Aspirin | Can still give even it pt is on Aspirin If tablet was swallowed = NOT TAKEN |
| What is the Class of Chlorphenamine | Sedating AntiHistamine - H1 receptor antagonist |
| What is the presentation of Chlorphenamine | 10mg in 1mL / 4mg tablet |
| How do you administer Chlorphenamine | IM/PO |
| What are the Indications for Chlorphenamine | Anaphylaxis or Allergic Reaction |
| What are the ContraIndications for Chlorphenamine | KSAR/ Pre coma states |
| What are the dosages of Chlorphenamine for an Adult | Mild 4mg PO Moderate 4mg PO or 10mg IM Severe 10mg IM |
| What is the dose for Chlorphenamine for a Child | Mild 6-11yrs =2mg PO >12yrs =4mg PO Mod 1mth - 6mth = 0.25mg/kg IM >6mth - <6yrs = 2.5mg IM 6-<12yrs = 2mg PO or 5mg IM >12yrs = 4mg PO or 10mg IM Sev 1mth - 6mth = 0.25mg/kg >6mth - <6yrs = 2.5mg IM 6 - <12yrs = 5mg IM >12yrs = 10mg IM |
| What are the side effects of Chlorphenamine | Drowsy |
| What is the additional information for Chlorphenamine | Use with caution in epilepsy/Prostatic hypertrophy/Glaucoma/Hepatic disease/Bronchitis/Bronchiectasis/Thyrotoxicosis/Raised interocular pressure/Severe hypertension/CadioVas disease/Bronchial Asthma |
| What class is Clopidogrel | Antiplatelet |
| What is the presentation of Clopidogrel | 300mg tablet 75mg Tablet |
| How do you administer Clopidogrel | PO |
| What are the Indications for Clopidogrel | STEMI - Not for PCI |
| What are the contra Indications for Clopidogrel | KSAR/ Active pathological Bleed/ Diarrhoea/Bleeding |
| What is the dosage of Clopidogrel | 300mg or <75yrs = 75mg |
| What are the side effects of Clopidogrel | Abdo pain/Dyspepsia/Diarrhoea/Bleeding |
| What is the additional information of Clopidogrel | If pt has taken any other antiplatelet med or that ASA then pt can NOT be given Clopidogrel |
| What is the class of Cyclizine | Antiemetic+Antinausea/Antihistamine with Antimuscarinic effect |
| What is the presentation of Cyclizine | 50mg in 1mL |
| How do you administer Cyclizine | IM |
| What are the indications of Cyclizine | Management of Nausea + vomiting |
| What are the contra Indications of Cyclizine | KSAR |
| What is the dose of Cyclizine | 50mg IM |
| What are the side effects of Cyclizine | Tachycardia/Dry mouth/Sedation |
| What is the additional info for Cyclizine | IM route only used if IV/IO not available |
| What is the Class of Dexamethasone | Corticosteroid - Systemic |
| What is the presentation of Dexamethasone | 2mg Tablet 2mg/5mL oral solution |
| How do you administer Dexamethasone | PO |
| What are the indications for Dexamethasone | Severe Croup |
| What are the contraindications for Dexamethasone | Systemic infection/Hypersensitivity to any ingredient/Gastric+duodenal ulcer/Vaccination with live vaccines/Pt with rare hereditary prob of galactose intolerance/Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption |
| What is the dose of Dexamethasone | 300mcg(0.3mg)/kg (Max 12mg) |
| What are the side effects of Dexamethasone | Hiccups/Hyperglycaemia/MI rupture/Protein catabolism |
| What is the class of Glucagon | Hypoglycaemia: Glycogenolytis Hormones |
| What is the presentation of Glucagon | 1mg vial powder + solution for reconstitution 1mL |
| How do you administer Glucagon | IM |
| What are the indications for Glucagon | Hypoglycaemia in pts unable to take oral solution + BG< 4mmol/L |
| What are the contraindications for Glucagon | <1mth / Phaechromocytoma/ KSAR |
| What is the dose of Glucagon | Adult - 1mg IM Child - >1mth + <25kg = 500mcg IM >1mth + >25kg = 1mg IM |
| What are the side effects of Glucagon | Nausea/Vomiting/Hypotension/Dizzy/Headache |
| What is the additonal info for Glucagon | May not be suitable for pt with low glycogen stores/ C2h dependant with liver disease Store in fridge use Immediately once made up Children not diagnosed as diabetic should NOT be given Glucagon |
| What class is Glucose Gel | Nutrients : sugars : Antiihypoglycaemic |
| What is the presentation of Glucose Gel | Gel in sachet |
| How is Glucose Gel administered | Buccally |
| What are the indications for Glucose Gel | Hypoglycaemia / BG <4mmol/L |
| What are the ContraIndications for Glucose Gel | KSAR |
| What is the dosage of Glucose Gel | Adults - 10g - 20g >8yrs (15mins repeat if needed) Child - 5g -10g <8yrs Newborn neonate 2mL -4mL (if sugars below 2.6mmol/L) |
| What are the side effects to Glucose Gel | May cause vomiting if given to quickly to pt under 5yrs |
| What is the additional Information for Glucose Gel | Will maintain sugar levels but should be used secondary to dextrose Use with caution in ALOC pt + airway compromise |
| What is the class of GTN | Nitrate - Potent Vasodilator/ reduce BP / Dilates systemic veins |
| What is the presentation of GTN | Aerosol spray - Metered dose 400mcg |
| How is GTN administered | Sublingual |
| What are the Indications for GTN | Suspected MI/Pulomary Oedema/Angina |
| What are the contraindications for GTN | <90SBP/Type 5 inhibitors within 24hrs/ KSAR / Severe Mitral Stenosis |
| What is the dose of GTN | Angina+ Suspected MI - 400mcg - (3-5mins - max 1200mcg) Pulmonary Oedema - 800mcg (x1 repeat) |
| What are the side effects of GTN | Headache/Transient Hypotension/Flushing/Dizziness |
| What are the additional information for GTN | Caution with Inferior wall MI with RHS ventricular involvement as may = Hypotension New pump - test first away from PT |
| What is the class of Ibuprofen | NSAID/ Analgesics |
| What is the presentation of Ibuprofen | Suspension 100mcg in 5mL + 200mcg in 5mL 200mg/400mg tablets |
| How do you administer Ibuprofen | PO |
| What are the indications for ibuprofen | Mild to moderate pain |
| What are the contraindications for Ibuprofen | <3mths/ hx of asthma exacerbated by ASA/Pregnant/Peptic ulcer/known renal+liver+heart failure/KSAR/suspected chicken pox/other NSAID use. |
| What is the dose of Ibuprofen | Adult - 400mg mild pain / 600mg moderate pain Children - 10mg/kg to max 400mg |
| What are the side effects of Ibuprofen | Skin rashes/GI intolerance/Bleeding |
| What is the additional information of Ibuprofen | If pt taken med in last 6hrs - reduce dose by amount already given - remembering max dose. Caution with burns or poor perfusion due to risk of kidney failure/anticoagulants |
| What is the class of Ipratropium Bromide | Inhaled Antimuscarinic: airways disease: obstructive |
| What is the presentation of Ipratropium Bromide | NEB 250mcg in 1mL |
| How is Ipratropium Bromide administered | NEB mixed with Salbutamol |
| What are the indications for Ipratropium Bromide | Acute moderate asthma/ Exacerbation of COPD not respoinding to salbutamol |
| What are the contraIndications of Ipratropium Bromide | KSAR |
| What is the dose of Ipratropium Bromide | Adult >12yrs - 500mcg NEB (max 2mg/24hrs) Childen - 250mcg NEB (Max 1mg/24hrs) |
| What are the side effects of Ipratropium Bromide | Transient dry mouth/Blurred vision/ Tachycardia/Headache |
| What is the class of Methoxyflurane | Anesthetic |
| What is the Presentation of Methoxyflurane | 3mL vial |
| How is Methoxyflurane administered | Inhalation via carbon chamber |
| What are the indications of Methoxyflurane | Adult - Moderate to Severe Pain Children - Moderate to Severe Pain |
| What are the contraindications of Methoxyflurane | <5yrs /ALOC due to head injury+drugs+c2H/ Cardiovascular instability/Resp depression/Renal Failure/KSAR/Malignant hyperthermia |
| What is the dose of Methoxyflurane | 3mL adults + Children (x1 repeat) |
| What are the side effects of Methoxyflurane | Amnesia/Anxiety/Depression/Dizzy/Dysarthria/Dysgeusia/Euphoria/Headache/Sensory neuropathy/Somnolence/Hypotension/Coughing/Dry mouth/nausea/Sweating/Feeling drunk |
| What is the additional information for Methoxyflurane | Passes the placenta/Ensure pt inhaling + exhaling through tube/Pt with ACS+migranes may not be suitable |
| What is the class of Midazolam | Hypnotic/Sedative+Anxiolytics:Benzodiazepine |
| What is the presentation of Midazolam | Ampoule OR Pre filled oral syringe (Buccal) |
| How is Midazolam administered | IM/IN |
| What are the indications of Midazolam | Seizure |
| What are the contraindications of Midazolam | None for pt that is actively seizing |
| What is the dose of Midazolam | Adults - 5mg IN/IM Children <10yrs = 0.2mg/kg IN Max 4 dose - repeat 5mins |
| What are the side effects of Midazolam | Resp depression/Headache/Hypotension/Drowsiness |
| What is the additional information for Midazolam | Ensure o2 + resus equipment is prepared prior to admin - caution if dose given by familycareer prior to EA arrival |
| What is the class of Naloxone | Opioid receptor antagonist |
| What is the presentation of Naloxone | Ampoules 400mcg/1mL |
| How is Naloxone administered | IN/IM |
| What are the indications of Naloxone | Inadequate resp +/or ALOC after OD |
| What are the contra Indications of Naloxone | KSAR |
| What is the dose of Naloxone | Adult - 400mg IM (repeat after 3mins - max 2mg) / 800mcg IN (repeat x1 after 3mins) Child - 10mcg/kg IM / 20mcg/kg IN (repeat as needed to max of 2mg) |
| What are the side effects of Naloxone | Nausea/Vomiting/agitation/seizures |
| What is the additional information for Naloxone | Use with caution in pregnancy/prepare for aggressive pt/possible withdrawl symptoms |
| What is the class of Entonox | Analgesics - Potent |
| What is the Presentation of Entonox | Gas/Cylinder |
| How is Entonox administered | Self Admin as needed |
| What are the indications of Entonox | Mild - severe pain |
| What are the Contra Indications of Entonox | SCARiDICK + Bullous Emphysema/Middle ear procedure/recent dive/Recent eye surgery with bubble gas insertion/head injury/Conditions where air is trapped in the body + expansion is dangerous/Maxillo facial injuries/Sedation/intoxication |
| What is the dose on Entonox | As required - Self admin until pain tolerable |
| What are the side effects of Entonox | Disinhibition/Decreased level of Consciousness/Light headed |
| What is the additional information of Entonox | Use with caution for COPD may = resp depression Do NOT use if pt cant understand instructions Cold temp - warm cylinder + invert to ensure gas is mixed/can be addictive/ caution in use >1hr with sickle cell |
| What is the class of Ondansetron | Antiemetics + Antinauseants |
| What is the presentation of Ondansetron | Ampoule 2mL (4mg in 2mL) |
| How do you administer Ondansetron | IM |
| What are the indications for Ondansetron | Nausea+vomiting management |
| What are the contraindications of Ondansetron | KSAR/Congenital long QT syndrome |
| What is the dose of Ondansetron | Adult - 4mg IM Child - 100mcg/kg IM (Max 4mg) |
| What are the side effects of Ondansetron | Flushing/Headache/Sensation of warmth/Injection site reactions/Arrhythmias/Bradycardia/Hiccups/Hypotension?seizures/QT prolongation |
| What is the additional Information for Ondansetron | Caution with pt with known HX of cardiac conduction intervals (QT prolongation) or if pt has HX of arrthymias or electrolyte imbalance |
| What class is o2 | Gas |
| What is the presentation of o2 | D,E,F Cylinder |
| How is o2 administered | Inhalation |
| What are the indications of o2 | Absent/Inadequate ventilation <94% Adults <96% Children <92% COPD <90% Pulomary Oedema |
| What are the contraindications for o2 | Bleomycin Lung |
| What is the dose of o2 | Adults+Children - 100% resp/cardiac arrest/Sickle Cell other med/injury/Life threats titrate to 94-98% Adults Other med/injury/Life threats titrate to 96-98% Children COPD - 92% or card number Neonatal <4wks consider supplemental o2 (<30%) |
| What are the side effects of o2 | Prolonged use with COPD may lead to reduced ventilation stimulus |
| What is the additional information for o2 | Use caution with lip balms/moisturisers/flammable/consider humidifier for children in over >30min treatment time |
| What is the class of Oxytocin | Prostaglandins + Oxytotics |
| What is the presentation of Oxytocin | 5 International units in 1ml ampoule |
| How is Oxytocin administered | IM |
| What are the indications of Oxytocin | Prehospital emergency childbirth + control post partum bleed |
| What is the dose of Oxytocin | 10 international units IM |
| What are the side effects of Oxytocin | Cardiac Arrhythimias/Headache/Nausea/Vomiting/Hypotension/Abdo pain/Dizzy |
| What is the additional information for Oxytocin | Ensure a 2nd foetus is not in the Uterus before admin Avoid rapid IV store at 1-8 degres |
| What is the class of Paracetamol | Analgesic - non opioid |
| What is the presentation of Paracetamol | 1g/500mg |
| How is Paracetamol administered | PR + PO |
| What are the indications of Paracetamol | Adult - Pyrexia 38.3/Mild or Moderate pain Child - Pyrexia 38.5/Mild or Moderate pain |
| What are the contraindications of Paracetamol | <1mth / KSAR / Chronic Liver disease |
| What is the dose of Paracetamol | Adult - 1g PO Children - 15mg/kg >1mth - <1yr - 80mcg PR 1-3 yrs -180mg PR 4-8yrs - 360mg PR |
| What are the side effects of Paracetamol | If IV given to fast may = Hypotension |
| What is the additional info for Paracetamol | Caution with PR - modesty Caution with over the counter meds that contain paracetamol if given in last 4hrs - adjust dose down by amount given previous to max of 15mg/kg |
| What is the class of Salbutamol | Beta2 adrenoceptor agonist |
| What is the presentation of Salbutamol | NEB 2.5mg in 2.5ml NEB 5mg in 2.5ml Inhaler |
| How is Salbutamol administered | Neb |
| What are the indications of Salbutamol | Bronchospams/Exacerbation of COPD/Resp distress after submersion incident |
| What are the contraIndications for Salbutamol | KSAR |
| What is the Dose for Salbutamol | Adult 5mg NEB Child <5yrs 2.5mg NEB |
| What are the side effects of Salbutamol | Tachycardia/Tachyarrythmias/Tremors/Hypokalaemia |
| What is the additional Information for Salbutamol | More efficient to use a volumiser in conjuction with an aerosol inhaler. If COPD? limited to 6litres |
| What is the class of Ticagrelor | Antithromotic+Antiplatelet |
| What is the presentation of Ticagrelor | 90mg Tablets |
| How do you administer Ticagrelor | PO |
| What are the indications for Ticagrelor | STEMI for PCI |
| What are the contra Indications Ticagrelor | Hypersensitivity to Ticagrelor/Active pathological Bleed/ HX of Intracranial bleed/Severe hepatic impairment |
| What is the dose of Ticagrelor | Loading dose of 180mg |
| What are the side effects of Ticagrelor | Dysponoea/Nosebleed/GI Bleed/ SC or Dermal bleed/Bruising + Procedural site Bleed/Intracranial Bleed/ Bruising + procedural site bleed |
| What is the additional information of Ticagrelor | AP+P can give med when STEMI identified + medical practitioner instruction. If pt has been given other antiplatelet (other the ASA) then pt NOT given Ticagrelor |
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Meganp7290
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