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IA 3 Review-Phys Sci
GCA Physical Science IA 3 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ionic compounds | solid at room temp |
| covalent compounds | any state at room temp |
| valence electrons | the number of electrons in the outermost shell |
| synthesis reaction | a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound |
| decomposition reaction | a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances |
| single replacement reaction | a chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound |
| double replacement reaction | a chemical change that involves an exchange of positive ions between two compounds |
| Coefficients | used to balance equations |
| subscripts | used to write compound formulas |
| Law of Conservation of Matter | Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change |
| Al + HCl → AlCl3 + H2 | Not Balanced chemical equation |
| 2 Fe + 6 HCl → 2 FeCl3 + 3 H2 | Balanced chemical equation |
| reactants | what you start with; left side of a chemical equation |
| products | what you end up with; right side of a chemical equation; "F" in the picture |
| solid | Definite shape and volume; particles vibrate in place |
| liquid | A state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape; particles slide past one another |
| gas | A state of matter with no definite shape or volume; particles move in all directions and collide infrequently |
| gas > liquid > solid | order of decreasing potential and thermal energy |
| for gases: directly related | temperature and either pressure or volume |
| for gases: inversely related | pressure and volume |
| increased solubility | increased temperature |
| increased rate of solubility | increased temp |
| wind turbine | converts mechanical energy to electrical energy |
| solar calculator | electromagnetic energy converted to electrical energy |
| playing the piano | mechanical energy converted to sound |
| floodlight | electrical energy converted to light and heat |
| conduction | Form of heat transfer where heat energy is directly transferred between molecules through molecular collisions or direct contact. |
| convection | The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid (gas or liquid) |
| radiation | the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves |
| specific heat | The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius |
| high specific heat | insulators such as wood have ____ specific heat |
| low specific heat | conductors have ____ specific heat |
| phase changes | 2 states present |
| heating a substance | 1 state present |
| mechanical advantage | the number of times a machine multiplies the force exerted on it; how many times easier it makes the work |
| energy | measured by a wave's amplitude |
| faster | light travels __________________ than sound |
| slower | sound travels _________ in gases than in solids |
| inversely | speed and time are ____ related |
| Series circuit | one path; same current everywhere; all on or all off |
| Parallel circuit | more than one path; different currents; each bulb can be on or off |
| number of protons | determines which element an atom is made of |
| Halogen | group 17 |
| Noble gas | group 18 |
| cross the charges | how to write an ionic formula |
| Hexa- | prefix for 6 |
| Hepta- | prefix for 7 |
| Tetra- | prefix for 4 |
| Penta- | prefix for 5 |
| Di- | prefix for 2 |
| work | force exerted x distance moved |
| directly | Net force and acceleration are ____ related |
| mass | amount of matter in an object |
| electromagnetic | wave whose photons have more energy when they have a greater frequency |
| Doppler Effect | An observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving |
| electromagnet | a coil that has an iron iron core and that acts as a magnet when an electric current is in the coil |
| reflection | The bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass. |
| refraction | The bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another |
| diffraction | Occurs when an object causes a wave to change direction and bend around it |
| heating curve | a diagram that shows the temperature changes and changes of state of a substance as it is heated |
| saturated | being the most concentrated solution possible at a given temperature |
| unsaturated | A solution that contains less than the maximum amount of dissolved solute in a concentration. |
| supersaturated | contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature |
| solubility curve | a graph indicating the solubility of a particular solute at different temperatures |
| base | a compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution |
| acid | a compound that produces hydrogen ions in solution |
| indicator | Litmus and universal are common ones used to tell acids from bases. |
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