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320 Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cognition | Refers to the acquisition, storage, transformation, and use of knowledge |
| Herman Ebbinghaus | early memory researcher |
| Mary Whiton Calkins | First woman president of APA; emphasized real-world cognitive processes |
| Gestalt Psychology | Emphasizes active organization of what we see and the whole being greater than the sum of its parts |
| Ulric Neisser | Published a comprehensive book called Cognitive Psychology |
| Information Processing approach | Mental processes similar to a computer's operations, progressing in stages |
| Connectionist Approach | Views processing as a series of separate operations |
| Feature analysis theory | Proposes a flexible approach where a visual stimulus is composed of characteristics |
| Recognition by components theory | Represents an object as an arrangement of simple 3-D shapes called geons |
| Top-down processing | Emphasizes a person's concepts, expectations, and memory in object recognition |
| Inattentional blindness | Failure to notice a completely visible unexpected object when focused on other events |
| Special mechanism approach | Proposes a specialized device for decoding speech stimuli |
| General mechanism approach | Explains speech perception without proposing a special phonetic module |
| Divided attention task | Paying attention to two or more simultaneous messages, affecting speed and accuracy |
| The Stroop effect | Difficulty in naming ink color when used in printing an incongruent word |
| Consciousness | Awareness about the outside world and internal perceptions, thoughts, memories, and feelings |
| Blindsight | Condition where an individual with a damaged visual cortex can report some characteristics of an object despite claiming not to see it |
| Visual search | Finding a target in a visual display with numerous distractors |
| Feature analysis theory | Proposes a flexible approach where a visual stimulus is composed of characteristics |
| Change blindness | Failure to detect a change in an object or a scene |
| Prosopagnosia | Inability to recognize faces; 'face blindness' |
| Selective attention task | Requires attention to certain information while ignoring other ongoing information |
| Thought suppression | Attempt to eliminate thoughts related to an undesirable stimulus |
| speech perception | auditory system translates vibrations into a sequence of sounds that you perceive to be speech |
| orienting attention network | generally responsible for the kind of attention required for visual search |
| executive attention network | responsible for the kind of attention we use when a task focuses on conflict |
| bottom-up processing | emphasizes that the stimulus characteristics are important when you recognize an object |
| dichotic listening | two messages are spoken through headphones and the subject has to listen to a specific message in a specific ear and shadow it back to the experimenter |
| feature integration theory | we sometimes look at a scene using distributed attention and we process all parts of the scene at the same time |
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cadams63
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