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psychology: paper 2:

psychology: paper 2: biopsychology: circadian rhythms:

QuestionAnswer
1. what are circadian rhythms? rhythms last around 24 hours
2. what are examples of circadian rhythms? sleep wake cycle and core body temperature
3. what is the sleep wake cycle? awake during day and sleep during night
4. what is the SCN? superchiasmatic nucleus
5. where is the superchiasmatic nucleus located? in the hypothalamus above the optic chiasm, which proves information from the eye about light
6. what are exogenous zeitgebers? external changes in environment
7. what are endogenous pacemakers? internal biological clocks
8. what is the endogenous pacemaker in the sleep wake cycle? superchiasmatic nucleus
9. what is the exogenous zeitgeber in the sleep wake cycle? light
10. what is photoentrainment? light setting the body clock to the correct time
11. when is the strongest sleep? 2-4am and 1-3pm
12. what is the sleep and wakefullness also controlled by homeostatic control
13. describe body temperature as an exmaple of circadian rhythms drop and rise in temperature at different times of the day body temperature drops at sleep and rise around waking period to promote feeling of alertness in the morning
14. what happens to body temperature between 2-4pm temperature drops to 36.7 degrees then rises to 37.1 degrees
15. when is the body temperature the lowest? 4:30am
16 when is the body temperature the highest? 6pm
17. what temperature is the body at 4:30am 36 degrees
18. what temperature is the body at 6pm? 38 degrees
19. explain hormone production as a circadian rhythm melatonin released from pineal gland when dark to be sleepy
20. what is the sleepy hormone name? melatonin
21. where is melatonin released? pineal gland
22. explain the Siffre cave study long periods of time underground no external cues daylight clocks or radio just woke ate and slept when he felt like it with a freerunning circadian rhythm found his circadian rhythm was 48 hours after 61 days back on 20th august
23. research support? Siffre cave study
24. how are there individual differences? generalisation are hard to make when research is based on small samples but Duffy revealed some people have natural preference going to bed early and rising early suggesting research data discusses averages which is meaningless
25. how do circadian rhythms and research into the sleep wake cycle have real world economic implications in terms of how best to manage worker productivity? reduced concentration of sleep during the most important hours means mistakes are more likely pointing out a relationship between shift work and poor health (3x more likely to develop heart disease)
26. how may there be other external factors? usually correlations but these do not show causation where Soloman concluded things like divorce lead to deprived sleep therefore it may not be biological factors making consequences/ incomplete explanation
Created by: chachink
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