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psychology: paper 2:
psychology: paper 2: biopsychology: plasticity:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. what does plasticity mean? | brain's tendency to change and adapt as a result of experience and new learning |
| 2. what is functional recovery? | following damage through trauma brain's ability to have undamaged area adapt and take on the functions of the damaged area |
| 3. what is synaptic pruning? | neural pathways not used are destroyed and ones used frequently are strengthened |
| 4. what is axonal sprouting? | undamaged axons grow new nerve endings to reconnect neurons whose links were injured |
| 5. what is denervation supersensitivity? | axons which do a similar job become aroused to compensate for lost ones |
| 6. what is recruitment of homologous areas? | regions on opposite sides of brain take on functions of damaged areas |
| 7. how can the brain adapt? | create new neural pathways or alter existing ones |
| 8. what did Boyke find? | evidence of brain plasticity in 60 year olds taught a new skill, juggling finding grey matter increased in the visual cortex but effects reversed when they stopped |
| 9. what did Kuhn et al find? | playing video games 30 minutes a day for 2 months created new synaptic connections in strategic planning, working memory and motor perfomance |
| 10. how is there supporting evidence from Lazar? | individuals took part in 8 week mindfulness stress reduction course (meditation) showed increased grey matter in left hippocampus which is associated with learning and memory suggesting brain structure is not fixed but can change with learning |
| 11. how is there research support from Maguire et al? | London taxi cab research compared to matched pairs finding more neurons synaptic connections and grey matter in hippocampus (spatial and navigational skills) showing a positive correlation with years worked and density of grey matter |
| 12. how can plasticity have negative behavioural consequences? | brain's adaptation to prolonged drug use leads to poorer cognitive functioning in later life as well as an increased risk of dementia according to Medina |
| 13. how can this lack external validity? | small samples usually used for plasticity research meaning it is not representative therefore cannot be generalised to the real world population |
Created by:
chachink
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