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Sociology ch. 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Group | Any collection of at least 2 people who interact with some frequency and who share some sense of aligned identity |
| Aggregate | A collection of people who exist in the same place at the same time, but who don't interact or share a sense of identity |
| Category | People who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way |
| Primary group | A small, informal group of people who are closest to us; typically longer term relationships |
| Secondary group | Larger group, less personal, may be temporary |
| Expressive function | A group function that serves an emotional need |
| Instrumental function | Someone oriented towards a task or goal |
| In-group | a group a person belongs to and feels is an integral part of their identity |
| Out-group | A group a person does not belong to |
| Reference group | Groups that people compare themselves to |
| Dyad | A two-member group |
| Triad | A three-member group |
| Leadership function | The main focus or goal of a leader |
| Instrumental leader | a leader who is goal oriented with a primary focus on accomplishing tasks |
| Expressive leader | a leader who is concerned with the process and ensuring everyone’s emotional wellbeing |
| Leadership style | the style a leader uses to achieve goals or elicit action from group members |
| Democratic leaders | leaders who encourages group participation and consensus-building before moving into action |
| Laissez-faire leaders | hands-off leaders who allow members of the group to make their own decisions |
| Authoritarian leaders | leaders who issues orders and assigns tasks |
| Conformity | the extent to which an individual complies with group or societal norms |
| Formal organizations | Large, impersonal organizations |
| Bureaucracies | formal organizations characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality. |
| Normative/voluntary organizations | organizations that people join to pursue shared interests or because they provide some intangible rewards |
| Coercive organizations | organizations that people do not voluntarily join, such as prison or a mental hospital |
| Total institution | an organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs |
| Utilitarian organizations | organizations that are joined to fill a specific material need |
| Hierarchy of authority | a clear chain of command found in a bureaucracy |
| Clear Division of Labor | each individual in a bureaucracy has a specialized task to perform |
| Explicit rules | the types of rules in a bureaucracy; rules that are outlined, recorded, and standardized |
| Impersonality | the removal of personal feelings from a professional situation |
| Meritocracy | a bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on merit—proven and documented skills |
| Iron Rule of Oligarchy | the theory that an organization is ruled by a few elites rather than through collaboration |
| McDonaldlization | Application of the fast-food, mass-production, or big-box store model to other aspects of society |
Created by:
89skysco
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