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2nd semester words

Energy, Matter unit

TermDefinition
Induction Creating a charged region or area
Polarity Having areas of distinct charge
Matter Has mass and volume
Volume Amount of space
Liter The SI unit for volume
Element Can be reduced to a single atom without losing its properties
A.M.U Atomic mass unit
Neutron neutral subatomic particle
Nucleon a nuclear particle in the (in the nucleus)
Atomic number the number of protons in an atom
Atom The smallest unit of an element
Isotope a version of an atom with a specific mass
Group/Family/Column a vertical arrangement of elements
Row/Period a horizontal arrangement of elements
Pure substance Has a fixed composition
Mixture 2 or more substances physically combined
Compound 2 or more elements chemically combined
Homogenous mixture Uniform throghout
Heterogeneous mixture Non-uniform throughout
Valence electrons Highest energy level electrons (outer “shell” electrons)
Ion a charged particle
Cation positively charged particle
Anion negatively charged particle
Ionization process of gaining or losing electrons
Ionic compound a neutral compound made of cations and anions
Ionic bond made between ions of opposite charges
Covalent bond made between atoms sharing electrons
Octet rule an atom with 8 valence electrons is stable* (unless it’s in row 1)
Molecular Compound compound formed by sharing electrons
Diatomic Molecule molecules of 2 identical atoms
Metalloid Has some metallic properties
Polyatomic Ion ion formed of multiple atoms
Monatomic Ion ion formed of one single atom
Nuclear Fusion combining smaller nuclei into a larger nucleus
Nuclear Fission combining smaller nuclei into a larger nucleus
Radioactive decay the falling apart of unstable nuclei
Radioactive half life the time it takes for half of a sample to decay into something else
Alpha Particle a Helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons)
Beta Particle a high-energy electron ejected from a neutron
Created by: BricknerM
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