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Electricity and Magn

QuestionAnswer
Electrostatic force The force between two charged particles, described by Coulomb’s law.
Coulomb’s law (give all 3 parts) Charged particles exert forces on each other, like charges repel, opposite charges attract, the greater the distance between changes, the less force exerted
Electric field Surrounds every electric charge.
Electric field lines point in the direction that . . . A positive charge would move in the presence of an electric field
electricity Involves the movement of electrons/
conductor Can conduct electricity.
examples of conductors Copper and aluminum
insulator Can’t conduct electricity.
examples of insulators Nonmetals, diamond, wood, glass, rubber, porcelain, dry air, and most plastics
resistivity Measure of how much a material opposes the flow of electricity.
semiconductors A group of materials that have few electrons to conduct electricity.
superconductors Conductive materials whose the resistivity abruptly decreases to zero as the temperature decreases below critical value (Critical temperature)
critical temperature The value of the critical temperature depends on the chemical composition, pressure, and structure of the material.
Static electricity Occurs as a result of excess positive or negative charges on an object’s surface.
friction Rubbing two objects together causes friction, some electrons are held more loosely than others in an atom.
induction Occurs when a charged object is brought near or to but not touching an insulator.
conduction Occurs when two objects one charged and one neutral are brought into contact with one another.
current electricity Think of electricity to the water flowing through a pipe. The flow rate of water in a pipe might be given in units of gallons per minute. Electrons flow through the circuit like water through a pipe.
current Is the flow rate of electrons through the circuit and is measured in amperes.
amperes As water flowing through a pipe rubs against the walls of the pipe, the water slows down.
resistance (R) Is the measure of how difficult it is to move electrons through a circuit.
voltage (V) Is the force that moves electrons through a circuit and is measured in volts.
Ohm’s Law states that . . . That the resistance is equal to the voltage divided by the current.
Formula for Ohm’s Law Rise over run equals voltage over current equals resistance
circuit The path through which the electricity is conducted.
batteries Voltage sources.
loads Devices such as radios and televisions draw current from the circuit, and so provide resistance to the flow of electricity.
Simple series circuit All current is the same through each part or load.
Circuit diagram A diagram of symbols and iamges to explain a circuit.
Formula for total resistance in series circuit Req = R1 + R2 + R3
How does a switch work? Used to open and close the circuit. When the switch is open, electricity will not flow through a series circuit.
Parallel circuit More than one path for the electricity flow.
Formula for total resistance in parallel circuit 1/req = 1/r1 + 1/r2 + 1/r3
magnet A metallic substance capable of attracting iron and certain other metals.
Magnetic field Consisting of two invisible lines of force around the magnet between two poles (north and south)
Magnetic field lines always point . . . From the north pole to the south pole of a magnet
compass Contains a small, thin magnet mounted on a pivot point. The end of the magnet that points toward the Earth’s geographic north pole.
Bar magnet A man-made magnet, commonly used to illustrate the properties of magnetism.
What happens when you break a magnet? You create two new magnets, each with its own north and south pole.
Ways to de-magnetize a magnet Heating it to a high temperature or dropping it.
electromagnet The electrical part of this force is responsible for electric charge and the flow of electrons. The magnetic part of the force produced magnetic properties in certain metals.
Parts of an electromagnet Batter, nail, wire coil, and paper clips
Simple (or electric) motor Use an electromagnet and turn it into a electric motor.
Horseshoe magnet A permanent magnet.
armature A cylinder of iron.
rotor The whole spinning electromagnet part of the motor.
stator Stationary permanent magnet.
Electric generator Devices that use electromagnetic induction to create electricity.
Alternating current (AC) Each time the coil switches from the north pole to south pole, the direction of the current changes direction.
Direct current (DC) Produced by a batter, only flows in one direction.
Created by: brooklynwilliams
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