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Which is the best statement of the principle of original horizonality?
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An undeformed sedimentary layer is _____ than the layer above and _____ than the layer below.
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Stack #40838
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which is the best statement of the principle of original horizonality? | sediments are deposited as horizontal layers |
| An undeformed sedimentary layer is _____ than the layer above and _____ than the layer below. | OLDER then the layer above and YOUNGER than the layer below |
| The principle of superposition states that | undistrubuted sedimentary layers get progessively younger from bottom to top. |
| The most common fossils in rocks of the past 500 million years are | Invertebrae Shells |
| Fossils are most common in which rock types? | Sedimentary |
| Which is an unconformity? | A gap in the geologic record |
| Which of the following is the smallest division of geologic time? | Epochs |
| When did the Mesozoic era begin? | 250 million years ago |
| Radiometric dating is least useful for dating ______________ rocks | Sedimentary |
| Radiometric dating is possible if a rock contains measurable amounts of | both daughter and parent atoms |
| Which of the following statements is false? | Weathering and erosion are more important in the oceans than on continents |
| If you were to start from the east coast of North America and descend into the Atlantic Ocean, you would travel along the | Continental shelf then the continental slope then the continental rise. |
| In which of the following locations would you most likely find outcrops of basalt on the ocean floor? | on the flank of a rift valley |
| A traverse from North America across the Atlantic Ocean to Continental Europe would reveal that the ocean floor | is approximately symmetric about the Mid-Atlantic Ridge |
| Where is the ocean floor deepest? | about 30 km deep |
| Graded beds of sand, silt, and mud deposited on submarine fans are called | turbidites |
| Where does most volcanic activity on the seafloor take place? | Mid-ocean ridges |
| Which of the following is an active continental margin? | the west coast of South America |
| Which of the following best describes pelagic sediments? | deposited far from continental margins, fine grained, settle slowly on seafloor, ALL OF ABOVE!! |
| Which of the following currents erodes deposit fine-grained sediments on the continental slope and rise? | turbidity currents |
| The earths earliest atmosphere most likely did not contain any | unattached oxygen |
| Life's orgin on earth is believe to have been depend on the prescence of | carbon based chemicals, water, energy, ALL OF THE ABOVE |
| The first forms on life on Earth | were prokaryotes |
| The first evidence of fossils that appear to be the remains of living organisms are found in rocks | 3.8 billion years old |
| Unicellular organisms with a membrane bound nucleus that appeared some 2.0 billion years ago are referred to as | Eukaryotes (protistans) |
| The ___________ refers to the sudden appearance of a large number of complex animals at the beginning of the Paleozoic Era | Cambrian Explosion |
| Which statement is correct? | Anaerobic respiration preceded aerobic respiration |
| The Permian extinction | resulted in the extinction of over 90% of marine life and half of the life on land. |
| According to the 'Snowball Earth' hypothesis | ALL OF THE ABOVE |
| The K-T extinction | resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs |
| What does the elastic rebound theory describe? | the build-up and release of stress during an earthquake |
| Point A, where slip iniated during the earthquake, is called the | focus |
| Point B is called the earthquake (at the surface) | epicenter |
| What is the maximum amount of slip on a fault during an earthquake? | about 10 meters |
| Which statement regarding aftershocks is true? | The # and size of aftershocks both decrease with time. |
| Which type of seismic waves arrive at a seismograph first? | P-waves |
| Which lists the order in which seismic waves arrive at a seismograph station? | p waves> s waves> surface waves |
| Which seismic waves are the slowest? | surface waves |
| An earthquake's Richter Magnitude is based on | the amount of ground movement caused by seismic waves |
| The energy released during a magnitude 8 earthquake is approximately ______ times large than the energy released during a magnitude 6 earthquake | 1000 times |
| What kind of faulting is most likely to cause tsunamis? | thrust mega-thrust |
| Shallow earthquakes less then 20 km deep, are associated with | convergent, divergent, and transform fault boundries |
| What type of faulting would be least likely to occur along the mid-atlantic ridge? | reverse faulting |
| which of the following recent earthquakes killed the most people? | the 2001 Gujarat earthquake, India |
| Earthquakes that orginate at depths greater then 100 km are associated with _______ plate boundries | convergent |
| Which of the following statements about tsumanis is false? | tsunamis are producted by tidal forces, which is why they are also called tidal waves |
| How fast do tsunamis travel across the ocean? | up to 800 km per hour |
| Which of the following statements is the most accurate? | seismic risks can be reduced, but seismic hazards cannot. |
| Which of the following regions has the greatest seismic hazards? | western US |
| Tsuamis can be generated by | undersea landslides, undersea earthquakes, the eruption of an oceanic volcano, ALL OF ABOVE |
| What volcano represents a major hazard to the cities of Seattle and Tacoma in Washington State? | Mount Rainier |
| Where do most basaltic magmas originate? | in the earth asthenosphere |
| Which of the following statements about lava is true? | high temperate lavas are less viscous then low temperature lavas |
| Which of the following lavas will travel downhill slowest? | rhyolite |
| Solidified fragments of volcanic material ejected into the air are called | pyroclasts |
| What type of volcano has the largest and most violent eruptions? | resurgent calderas |
| Huge mudflows made up of wet volcani debris are called | lahars |
| Which of the following gases is the main constitent of volcanic gas? | sulfur dioxide |
| Most of the world's active volcanos are located around the edge of which ocean? | Pacific Ocean |
| The Cascade Volcanoes are associated with a | convergent plate margin |
| Over the past 2000 years, which of the following volcanic hazard has caused the most fatalities? | pyroclastic flows |
Created by:
wabn04