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Psychology Exam 1
Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Objective, not subjective | based on data / facts & not much room for interpretation |
| systematic not hit or miss | Dont make a conclusion based on limited data |
| repeatable findings (reliable) | repetition is key |
| Confirmation bias & example | seek evidence & ignore counterparts Ex: conspiracy theories |
| Metaphysical claims | assertion / ideas cannot be tested Ex: Sigmunf Freud |
| Pseudoscience & example | Claims that seem scientfic but are not Ex: Astrology |
| Descriptive Methods - definition and examples | Describes phenomenon understaning through obervation - Case study , naturalistic observation , survey |
| Case Study | In depth study of 1 or 2 individuals |
| Naturalistic Observation | Study in natural setting / hiding to study - Hawthorne Effect (change in behavior when being watched/studied) |
| Survey - what two groups can be surveyed? | Lot of information quickly Population: entire group of individuals - - Sample: group in a population |
| Correlation Methods & the 3 kinds | meaure strength & direction or relatinship between 2 variables - correlation does not = causation - Positive , Negative , Zero |
| Positive Correlation | Variables follow same direction |
| Negative Correlation | Variables go opposite directions |
| Zero Correlation | No relationship between variables |
| Experimental Methods | method that tests a hypothesis that allows for a causual conclusion *strongest method* |
| Independant Variable | controlled by experimenter - Differences between groups |
| Dependent Variable | Variable we measure - dependent on experment |
| Control Group | Experience prodedure without independent variable |
| Experimental Group | Group that is chosen to be experimented on whether receiveing either of the IV's |
| Random assignment | everyone has an equal chance of exposure to and IV cond ition |
| Double - blind assignment | participant & experimenter are blind to IV assignments |
| Reliability | Consitency of meaure |
| Neuron | nerve cell that send messages all over your body with 3 main components |
| Soma - what is it , what does it do , what happens if it is damaged | Cell body of a Neuron , make new cellular components , fatal is no communication/ damaged |
| Nucleus - where is it | found in neuron inside the soma |
| Axon - what does it do , what does it contain | transmits messages to other neurons / cells , Mylein Sheath , Synaptic vesicles , Synaptic cleft , neurotransmitters |
| Dendrite | extention from soma that recives info from other neurons (neurotransmitters) |
| Synapse | gap between axon & dendrites where neurotransmitters are released |
| Neurotransmitters - definition | chemical messages that bind to receptors |
| Synaptic vesicles | storage or neurotransmitters |
| Glial Cells - job & names of all 3 | manage communication & act as immune system Oligodendrocytes , Astrocytes , Microglia |
| Astrocytes | biggest glial cell , provides nutrients to synapse , communicates with neurons , syncs neuron firing , controls blood flow |
| Oligodendrocytes | head neuron , form mylein sheath - speed communication between neurons - provide nutrients to Axon |
| Mylein Sheath | insulating wraps in Axon - Keeps action potentials in one axon - faster transmittion |
| Nodes of Ravier - where is it, what is it | Space open in axon where action potental occurs |
| Action Potential - what are the 4 characteristics that are common with toilet | Resting potental , Threshold , All-or-None principle , Refractory Period |
| Resting Potetial - how many volts & what is it | -70mV - baseline state |
| All or None - how many volts & what is it | +30mV - the top of AP once threshold is met |
| Threshold - how many volts & what is it | -55mV - voltage needed to trigger action potential |
| Absolute Refractory Period - how many volts & what is it / what are the 2 functions | -85mV - brief period where AP connot occur - rest to prevent excitotoxicity & ensure axon goes from soma to axon terminal |
| Changes in charge (AP) | -70mv -> -55mV -> +30mV -> -85mV |
| Which ions are used in action potential | Sodium and Potassium |
| Neurotransmitters and functions | Neurotransmitter = speaker Naurotransmitter recepetor = Listener |
| GABA - Gamma Aminobatyric Acid | main inhibatory neurotransmitter |
| Glutamate | main excititory neurotransmitter |
| Dopamine - what roles does it have | reward detection & motor function |
| Acetylchlone - what roles does it have | role in arousal , selective attention , sleep & memory |
| Serotonin - what roles does it have | mood temperature , sexual function , aggression & sleep |
| Norepinephrine - what roles does it have | increases brain arousal , mood , regulates sleep and hunger |
| Opiods - what do they do & what neurotransmitter is it alike | reduce pain , produce pleasure / euphoria |
| Anandamide - what roles does it have | pain reduction , increase in appetite , regulates neuron communication |
| 4 Lobes of brain | Frontal , Parietal , Occipital , Temporal |
| Frontal Lobe - what does it give someone & what does it do | oversees all other brain functions - Executive functions: organize, planning, goal setting- -Personality - prefrontal cortex = last to develop |
| Parietal Lobe - what does it give someone | Perception - touch, pressure, pain, temperature |
| Occiptal Lobe - what does it give someone & what happ ens if hit | vision - see stars |
| Tempoal Lobe - what does it give someone | hearing , language , memories - blackouts if alcohol consumed |
| Cerebellum - where is it & its functions | below occipital lobe - balance & coordinated movemnets & learning new motor skills |
| Brain Stem / Medulla | First structure to develop - most impotant |
| Vitals regulated in Brain stem/medulla | regulating heart rate , blood pressure , vital reflexes |
| Brain Blood Barrier | protective microscopic barrier of glial cells - tightly packed endophelic cells & astrocytes - keeps out large charged molecules , fungi, viruses & bacteria |
Created by:
valb123
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