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RADT 465 Img Acq

ARRT registry review covering image acquisition content area

QuestionAnswer
What are the four characteristics that determine image quality? Brightness, Gray scale/contrast, Spatial resolution, and Distortion Page 326
Which of the four image quality characteristics are considered visibility factors? Brightness and Gray scale/contrast Page 326
Which of the four image quality characteristics are considered geometric factors? Spatial resolution and Distortion Page 326
High contrast is ______ scale. Short scale Page 326
Low contrast is ______ scale. Long scale Page 326
What is the Reciprocity Law? Any combination of mA and exposure time that will produce a particular "mAs" will produce identical receptor exposure.
SID is Directly/Inversely proportional to receptor exposure. Inversely proportional Page 328
What is the Inverse Square Law formula? I1/I2 = D2 squared/D1 squared Page 328
What is the Exposure Maintenance formula? mAs1/mAs2 = D1 squared/D2 squared Page 328
The production of scattered radiation increases/decreases with an increase of kV Increases Page 330
What is the best way to reduce the production of scattered radiation? Restrict the size of the x-ray field through the use of collimation. Page 333
What is grid cut off? Absorption of the useful beam with resulting loss of exposure across the IR. Page 336
What is grid ratio? Grid ratio is defined as the height of the lead strips compared with the distance between them. Page 337
Grid ratio formula H/D H= height of Pb strip D= width of interspace material Page 337
What are the grid conversion factors for no grid, 5:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 12:1, and 16:1? No grid= 1 5:1= 2 6:1= 3 8:1= 4 10 or 12:1= 5 16:1= 6 Page 338
What is the grid conversion formula? mAs1/mAs2 = Grid Factor 1/Grid Factor 2 Page 339
The primary beam generally has a total filtration of ____mm Al equivalent for tubes operated above 70kVp. 2.5mm 1.5mm inherent filtration and 1mm added filtration Page 341
Are the following pathologic conditions Additive or Destructive? Ascites, Rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, Pneumonia, Atelectasis, CHF, Edematous tissue Additive Page 342
Are the following pathologic conditions Additive or Destructive? Osteoporosis, Osteomalacia, Pneumoperitoneum, Emphysema, Degenerative arthritis, Atrophic and necrotic conditions Destructive Page 343
The Anode Heel Effect is worse with long/short SIDs, large/small IR sizes, and large/small anode angle xray tubes. short SIDs, large IR sizes, and small anode angle x-ray tubes (less steep). Page 344
True/False Generator type has no impact on receptor exposure or on contrast. True Page 346
Window width controls contrast or brightness. Contrast Page 348
Window level controls contrast or brightness Brightness Page 348
What are the two types of AECs? Phototimer and Ionization chamber Page 350
What terminates the exposure when AEC fails? Backup timer Page 350
True/False If matrix size is increased, then the spatial resolution will increase True Page 362
True/False As the FOV is decreased, this will decrease the spatial resolution. False (As FOV decreases, the spatial resolution will improve) Page 362
What factors affect resolution? OID, SID, Focal spot size, Patient factors, Motion Page 363
What is the Line Focus Principle? The actual focal spot is the area on the tungsten target that gets bombarded by electrons, the effective focal spot is the foreshortened size of the focus as it is projected down to the IR. Page 369
What is the greatest enemy to spatial resolution? Motion Page 373
What is a histogram? A graphic representation of pixel value distribution within an x-ray image Page 391
Transformers require AC or DC for operation? AC Page 413
Transformers operate on the principle of mutual or self induction? Mutual induction Page 413
Autotransformers operate on the principle of mutual or self induction? Self-induction Page 413
As a transformer steps up voltage, the current proportionally increases or decreases? Decreases (they are inversely related) Page 413
The x-ray tube needs AC or DC? DC (that's why the AC is rectified with diodes) Page 414
What is the percentage of ripple of a single phase full wave rectified generator? 100% Page 414
What is the percentage of ripple of a three phase 6 pulse generator? 13% Page 414
What is the percentage of ripple of a three phase 12 pulse generator? 4% Page 414
What is the percentage of ripple of a high frequency generator? Less than 1% Page 414
What are the two ways that x-rays are created at the anode? Bremsstrahlung and characteristic radiation Page 421
The anode is positively charged or negatively charged? Positive Page 421
The condition of air within the glass envelope is called __________ and will eventually cause oxidation and burnout of the cathode filament. Glassy tube Page 422
The focusing cup is made up of what material? Nickle Page 422
What does the induction motor do? Rotates the anode Page 422
The stator is inside or outside of the glass envelope? Outside Page 422
How fast does the anode rotate? 3600 RPM or 10,000 RPM for high speed tubes Page 422
What is the atomic number for tungsten? 74 Page 423
What percentage of the electron stream is actually converted into x-rays? 0.2% Page 424
True/False Most of the heat in the x-ray tube is dissipated to the oil that surrounds the tube. True Page 424
True/False The effective focal spot is always smaller than the actual focal spot. True Page 425
True/False The x-ray beam is less intense on the anode side of the tube due to the anode heel effect. True Page 425
What is the formula for heat units? HU = mA * s * kV Page 425
What correction factor is used when finding the heat units for 3 phase equipment? HU = mA * s * kV * 1.4 Page 425
Created by: CarolAR
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