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Sociology ch. 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hunter-gatherer | Societies that depend on hunting wild animals and gathering uncultivated plants for survival |
| Pastoral society | Societies based around the domestication of animals |
| Horticultural society | Societies based around the cultivation of plants |
| Agricultural society | Societies that rely on farming as a way of life |
| Feudal society | Societies that operate on a strict hierarchical system of power based around land ownership and protection |
| Postindustrial (information) societies | Societies based on the production of information (digital) and services |
| Industrial societies | Rooted in the production of material goods |
| Collective conscience | The common beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society |
| Social integration | The strength of ties that people have to their social groups |
| Mechanical solidarity | A type of social order maintained by the collective consciousness of a culture |
| Organic solidarity | A type of social order based around an acceptance of economic and social differences |
| Anomie | A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness |
| Bourgeoisie | The owners of the means of production in society |
| Proletariat | The laborers in a society |
| Capitalism | A way of organizing an economy so that the things that are used to make and transport products are owned by individual people and companies |
| Alienation | The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from their society, work and the sense of self |
| False consciousness | A condition in which the beliefs, ideals, or ideology of a person are not in the person's own best interest |
| Class consciousness | The awareness of one's rank in society |
| Rationalization | The belief that modern society should be built around logic and efficiency rather than morality or tradition |
| Iron cage | A situation in which an individual is trapped by social institutions and bureaucracy |
| Habitualization | The idea that society is constructed by us and those before us, and it is followed like a habit |
| Instituionalization | The act of implanting a convention or norm into society |
| Thomas theorem | How a subjective reality can drive events to develop in accordance with reality, despite being originally unsupported by objective reality |
| Self-fulfilling prophecy | An idea that becomes true when acted upon |
| Roles | Patterns of behavior that we recognize in each other that are representative of a person's social status |
| Status | Describes the responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to their rank and role in society |
| Ascribed status | The status outside of an individual's concern, such as sex or race |
| Achieved status | The status a person chooses, such as a level of education or income |
| Role-set | An array of roles attached to a particular status |
| Role strain | Stress that occurs when too much is required of a single role |
| Role conflict | A situation when one or more of an individual's roles clash |
| Role performance | How a person expresses their role |
| Looking-glass self (Charles Cooley) | We base our image on what we think other people see, then react to speculation |
Created by:
89skysco
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