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CardioVascular
| Aorta | Largest artery in the body |
|---|---|
| apex of the heart | lower tip of the heart |
| arteriole | small artery |
| artery | largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body |
| atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his) | Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them. |
| atrioventricular node (AV node) | specialized tissue in the wall between the atria |
| atrium | one of two upper chambers of the heart |
| capillary | smallest blood vessel |
| Carbon Dioxide | gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation |
| coronary arteries | blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle |
| deoxygenated blood | blood that is oxygen-poor |
| diastole | relaxation phase of the heartbeat |
| electrocardiogram | record of the electricity flowing through the heart |
| endocardium | inner lining of the heart |
| endothelium | innermost lining of blood vessels |
| mitral valve | valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; bicuspid valve |
| murmur | abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves |
| myocardium | muscular, middle layer of the heart |
| normal sinus rhythm | heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients |
| Oxygen | gas that enters the blood through the lings and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells |
| pacemaker | specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat |
| pericardium | double layered membrane surrounding the heart |
| pulmonary artery | artery carrying oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs |
| pulmonary circulation | flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart |
| pulmonary valve | valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery |
| pulmonary vein | one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart |
| pulse | beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries |
| septum | partition or wall dividing a cavity |
| sinoatrial node | pacemaker of the heart |
| sphygmomanometer | instrument to measure blood pressure |
| systemic circulation | flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues |
| systole | contraction phase of the heartbeat |
| tricuspid valve | located between the right atrium and right ventricle; it has three leaflets or cusps |
| valve | structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction |
| vein | thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart. |
| vena cava | largest vein in the body |
| ventricle | one or two lower chambers of the heart |
| venule | small vein |
| angi/o | vessel |
| aort/o | aorta |
| arter/o, arteri/o | artery |
| ather/o | yellowish plaque, fatty substance |
| atri/o | atrium, upper heart chamber |
| brachi/o | arm |
| cardi/o | heart |
| cholesterol/o | cholesterol (a liquid substance) |
| coron/o | heart |
| cyan/o | blue |
| myx/o | mucus |
| ox/o | oxygen |
| pericardi/o | pericardium |
| phleb/o | vein |
| rrhythm/o | rhythm |
| sphygm/o | pulse |
| steth/o | chest |
| thromb/o | clot |
| valvul/o, valv/o | valve |
| vas/o | vessel |
| vascul/o | vessel |
| ven/o, ven/i | vein |
| ventricul/o | ventricle, lower heart chamber |
| arrhythmias | abnormal heart rhythms |
| bradycardia and heart block | failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle |
| flutter | rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria |
| fibrillation | very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart |
| congenital heart disease | abnormalities in the heart at birth |
| coarctation of the aorta | narrowing of the aorta |
| patent ductus arteriosus | passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth |
| septal defects | small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles |
| tetralogy of Fallot | congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects |
| congestive heart failure | Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood |
| coronary artery disease | disease of the arteries surrounding the heart |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the inner lining of the heart |
| hypertensive heart disease | high blood pressure affecting the heart |
| mitral valve prolapse | improper closure of the mitral valve |
| murmur | extra heart sound, heard between normal beats |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart |
| rheumatic heart disease | heart disease caused by rheumatic fever |
| aneurysm | local widening of an arterial wall |
| deep vein thrombosis | blood clot forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb |
| hypertension | high blood pressure |
| peripheral arterial disease | blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs |
| Raymaud's disease | recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes |
| varicose veins | abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs |
| BNP test | Measurement of BNP in blood |
| cardiac biomarkers | Chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack |
| lipid tests | Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a blood sample |
| lipoprotein electrophoresis | lipoproteins are physically separated and measured in a blood sample |
| angiography | x-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material |
| computed tomography angiography | three dimensional x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography |
| digital subtraction angiography | video equipment and a computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels |
| electron beam computed tomography | electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD |
| echocardiography | Echoes generated by high frequency sound waves produce images of the heart |
| positron emission tomography scan | images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose |
| technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan | technetium Tc 99m sestamibi injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning |
| thallium 201 scan | concentration of radioactive thallium is measured to give information about blood supply to the heart muscle |
| Cardiac MRI | images of the heart are produced using radio wave energy in a magnetic field |
| Cardiac catheterization | thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery |
| electrocardiography | recording of electricity flowing through the heart |
| Holter monitoring | An ECG device worn during a 24-hr period to detect cardiac arrhythmias |
| stress test | exercise tolerance test determines the heart's response to physical exertion |
| catheter ablation | brief delivery of radiofrequency energy to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias |
| coronary artery bypass | arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages |
| defibrillation | brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias |
| endarterectomy | surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery |
| extracorporeal circulation | heart-lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is repaired |
| heart transplantation | donor heart is transferred to a recipient |
| percutaneous coronary intervention | balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place |
| thrombolytic therapy | drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis |
| transcatheter aortic valve replacement | placement of a balloon-expandable aortic heart valve into the body via a catheter |
| AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm |
| ACE inhibitor | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor |
| ACLS | advanced cardiac life support; CPR plus drugs and defibrillation |
| ACS | acute coronary syndrome |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate |
| AED | automatic external defibrillator |
| AF, a-fib | atrial fibrillation |
| AICD | automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator |
| AMI | acute myocardial infarction |
| ARB | angiotensin II receptor blocker |
| ARVD | arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia |
| AS | aortic stenosis |
| ASD | atrial septal defect |
| AV, A-V | atrioventricular |
| AVR | aortic valve replacement |
| BBB | bundle branch block |
| BNP | brain natriuretic peptide |
| BP | blood pressure |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass grafting |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| CCU | coronary care unit |
| Cath | catheterization |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| CK | creatine kinase |
| CoA | coarctation of the aorta |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CRT | cardiac resynchronization therapy |
| CTNI | cardiac troponin-I and cardiac troponin-T |
| DES | drug-eluting stent |
| DSA | digital subtraction angiography |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| ECG | electrocardiography |
| ECHO | echocardiography |
| ECMO | extracorporeal membrane oxygenation |
| EF | ejection fraction |
| EPS | electrophysiology study |
| ETT | exercise tolerance test |
| ETT-MIBI | exercise tolerance test combined with a radioactive tracer scan |
| EVAR | endovascular aneurysm repair |
| FFR | fractional flow reserve |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein |
| hsCRP | high-sensitivity C-reactive protein |
| HTN | hypertension |
| IABP | intra-aortic balloon pump |
| ICD | implantable cardioverter-defibrillator |
| IVUS | intravascular ultrasound |
| LAD | left anterior descending |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| LMWH | low-molecular-weight heparin |
| LV | left ventricle |
| LVAD | left ventricular assist device |
| LVH | left ventricular hypertrophy |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| MUGA | multiple-gated acquisition scan |
| MVP | mitral valve prolapse |
| NOAC | novel anticoagulant drug |
| NSR | normal sinus rhythm |
| NT-proBNP | N-terminal pro-peptide of BNP |
| NSTEMI | non-ST elevation myocardial infarction |
| PAC | premature atrial contraction |
| PAD | peripheral arterial disease |
| PCI | percutaneous coronary intervention |
| PDA | patent ductus arteriosus |
| PE | pulmonary embolus |
| PVC | premature ventricular contraction |
| SA, S-A node | sinoatrial node |
| SCD | sudden cardiac death |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| SPECT | single photon emission computed tomography |
| STEMI | ST elevation myocardial infarction |
| SVT | supraventricular tachycardia |
| TAVR | transcatheter aortic valve replacement |
| TEE | transesophageal echocardiography |
| TEVAR | thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair |
| TGA | transposition of the great arteries |
| tPA | tissue-type plasminogen activator |
| UA | unstable angina |
| VF | ventricular fibrillation |
| VSD | ventricular septal defect |
| VT | ventricular tachycardia |
| WPW | Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome |
Created by:
dearthadi
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