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Sociology ch. 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Culture | shared beliefs, values, and practices |
| Society | people who live in a definable community and share a culture |
| Material culture | Objects/belongings of a group of people |
| Nonmaterial culture | The ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society |
| Cultural universals | Patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies |
| Ethnocentrism | The practice of evaluating another culture according to the standards of one's own culture |
| Cultural imperialism | Imposing your own cultural values on another culture |
| Culture shock | Disorientation when confronted with an unfamiliar way of life |
| Cultural relativism | Assessing a culture by its own standards |
| Xenocentrism | The belief that another culture is superior to one's own |
| Values | A culture's standard for figuring out what is good and just in society |
| Beliefs | Tenets (principles) or convictions that people hold to be true |
| Ideal Culture | The standards a society would like to embrace and love up to |
| Real culture | The way society actually is, what actually happens and exists |
| Sanctions | A way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors |
| Social control | A way to encourage conformity to cultural norms |
| Norms | The visible and invisible rules of conduct of how societies are structured |
| Informal norms | Casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to |
| Formal norms | Established, written rules in society |
| Symbols | Gestures or objects with meanings associated with them that are recognized by people who share a culture |
| Language | A symbolic system of communication |
| Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis | The way that people understand the world based on their form of language |
| High culture | The cultural patterns of a society's elite class |
| Popular culture | Mainstream, widespread patterns among a society's population |
| Subcultures | Groups that share a specific identification, apart from a society's majority |
| Countercultures | Groups that reject and oppose society's widely accepted cultural patterns |
| Innovations | New objects or ideas introduced to culture for the first time |
| Discoveries | Things and ideas found from what already exists |
| Inventions | Turning a combination of things that already exist into new forms |
| Culture lag | The gap of time between the introduction of material culture and nonmaterial culture's acceptance of it |
| Globalization | The integration of international trade and finance markets |
| Diffusion | The spread of material and nonmaterial culture to other cultures |
Created by:
89skysco
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