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LO1 - Receptors

LO1 Cell Signalling

QuestionAnswer
Chemical signalling pathways have three components. What are they? Reception, transduction and response.
How do tyrosine kinase receptors become activated? Ligand binds to alpha subunit at N terminus, undergoes conformational change which triggers autophosphorylation of the beta chains at the tyrosine kinase domain, which acts as a docking site for downstream effectors and proteins to become activated
What type of receptor is the insulin receptor? Tyrosine kinase
When insulin binds to the IR on hepatocytes, state one structural and one metabolic change it induces. Structural - increased GLUT-4 on membrane Functional - increased anabolism
Why are steroid hormones different from amine and protein/oligopeptide hormones? Steroids bind to intracellular receptors whereas the protein/amine hormones bind to receptors on the plasma membrane
How do steroid hormones bring about changes in gene expression? Act as transcription factors
What type of bonds form between ligand and receptors? Non-covalent, weak bonds such as hydrogen, ionic, vdW, hydrophobic interactions
What are the three domains of a receptor in a G protein coupled receptor system? N terminus for ligand binding domain, serpentine transmembrane domain and coupled to G protein at the C terminus domain
How does trimeric G protein become active? Binding of ligand to receptor causes 3D conf. change, thus activating G protein; alpha subunit disassociates and has GTPase activity; swaps GDP for GTP to be switched "on"
How is a trimeric G protein "switched off"? GDP switched for GTP in the alpha subunit
What is the difference between voltage and ligand gated ion channels? Voltage gated means they will open buy changes in the membrane potential charge, whereas ligand gated means that a chemical will bind to the pore to open it to allow for the exchange of ions
Created by: john.burns
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