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Unit 7
APsych.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| memory | persistence through storage and retrieval of info |
| encoding | process info into memory system |
| storage | retention of encoded info over time |
| retrieval | process of getting info out of memory storage |
| sensory memory | very brief recording of sensory info in memory system |
| short term memory | activated memory that holds a few items briefly |
| long term memory | relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of memory system |
| working memory | a newer understanding of short term memory that focus on conscious |
| parallel processing | processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously |
| automatic processing | unconscious, effortless processing encoding of incidental info |
| effortful processing | encoding that require attention and conscious effort |
| rehearsal | the conscious repetition of info, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage |
| serial position effect | tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list |
| visual encoding | encoding of pictures images |
| acoustic encoding | encoding of sound -- sounds of words |
| semantic encoding | encoding of meaning -- meaning of words |
| imagery | mental pictures |
| mnemonics | memory aids, esp those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices |
| chunking | organizing items into familiar, manageable units |
| iconic memory | momentary sensory, memory of visual stimuli |
| echoic memory | momentary sensory, memory of auditory simuli |
| long term potentiation (LTP) | increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation |
| flashbulb memory | clear memory of a significant moment or event |
| amnesia | loss of memory |
| implicit memory | retention independent of conscious recollection |
| explicit memory | memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare" |
| hippocampus | neural center that is located in the limbic system |
| recall | measure of memory in which the person must retrieve info learned earlier |
| recognition | measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned |
| relearning | measure of memory that access the amount of time saved when learning material for the second time |
| priming | the activation of certain associations |
| deja vu | the eerie sensed that "I've experienced before" |
| mood congruent memory | tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current bad or good mood |
| proactive interference | the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new info |
| retroactive interference | disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old info |
| repression | psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thought, feelings, or memories |
| misinformation effect | incorporating misleading into one's memory of an event |
| source amnesia | attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about, read about, or imagined |
| serial processing | occurs when the brain computes info step by step in a methodical and linear matter |
| self reference effect | relating thing to your own life and making them personal |
| ebbinghaus | german philosopher who conducted pioneering memory studies |
| overlearning | rehearsal of info beyond the point where it has been learned |
| primacy effect | recalling items near the beginning of a list |
| recency effect | recalling the items near the end of a list |
| districutued rehearsal | spreading rehearsal out into several sessions separated by periods of time |
| massed rehearsal | rehearsal packed together into fewer, longer sessions |
| short term/ working memory | part of your memory system that contain formation you are consciously aware more before it is stored permanently or forgotten |
| context effect or context dependent memory | enhance ability to retrieve info when you are in an environment similar to the one in which you encoded the info |
| state dependent memory | enhanced ability to retrieve info when you are in the same physical and emotional state you were in when you encoded the info |
Created by:
usernay
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