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ch. 43 Antihypertens
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hypertension | >in BP w/systolic>140 and diastolic >90mmHg |
| Essential Hypertension-90& | related to family history, hyperlipidemia, african american background, aging, stress, >smoking & alcohol use. |
| Secondary hypertension-10% | related to Renal and Endocrine disorders |
| What regulates normal BP? | the kidneys and blood vessels |
| What causes elevated blood pressure? | retention of sodium and water whic causes fluid volume to increase thus >BP |
| How is hypertension controlled in the african american population? | via alpha1 blockers and calcium channel blockers |
| why don't african american respond to beta-adrenergic & ace:angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in treatment of hypertension? | because they are suceptible to low-renin hypertension |
| ace inhibitors & beta blocker can be combined with what to be more effective in treating hypertension in african americans? | Diuretics |
| normal BP? | <120/<80 |
| prehypertension? | 120-139/80-89 |
| stage 1 hypertension | 140-159/90-99 |
| stage 2 hypertension | >160/>100 |
| what population is twice as sensitive to hypettensives and need to have a reduced dose> | Asians |
| Caucasians have what type of hypertenstion? | high-renin, respond to all hypertensive drugs |
| what nondrug methods reduce hypertension? | exercise, salt restriction,<alcohol, weight reduction |
| patient taking antihypertensive drugs should be evaluated when? | after being on the drug for a year |
| purpose of Diuretics? | they promote sodium depletion which decreases extracellualr fluid volume(ECFV) |
| Hydrochlorothiazide is? | diuretic most commonly used to treat mild hypertension. can be used alone or with and antihypertnsive drug. |
| thiazide Diuretics should not be used for who? | people with renal failure |
| Lasix(furosemide) | loop dieuritic that does not depress reanl blood flow. |
| beta-adrenergic blockers | anti hypertensives used as antianginals and antidysrhythmics |
| Nonselective beta-blockers | they inhibit b1(heart) and b2(bronchial) receptors |
| these beta blocker are prefered because they block b1 rather than b2 receptor sites and bronchoconstriction is less likely to occur. | cardioselective beta blockers |
| This B1 cardioselective antihypertensive promotes BP reduction | Lopressor(Metoprolol)Brand(generic) |
| herbal alert for antihypertensives | ma-huang and ephedra < or counteract the effects of antihypertensives |
| beta-blokers info | decreased cardiac output, can >BUN-blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, avoid OTC drugs, pt to ck radial plulse, can cause constipation. |
| alpha2 agonists | <sympathetic response from brainstem to peripheral vessels, stimulate alpha2 receptors. cause slow heart rate(bradycardia) |
| alpha-adrenergic blockers | treat lipid abnormalities,<VLDL & LDL that are responsible for fatty plaque bulidup in arteries |
| selective alpha-adrenergic blocker that reduces BP and treat benign prostatic hypertrophy(BPH) | Minipress(Prazosin) |
| Minipress(Prazosin) | caused sodium and water rentention and edema and is taken w/diuretc |
| orthostatic hypotenstion | dizzness, faintness, lightheadness, >heart rate occurs w/1st dose of alpha-adrenergic blockers |
| what can potentiate the effect of alpha-adrenergic blockers? | alcohol, nitrats, other antihypertensives |
| a direct-acting Arteriolar vasodilator that is potent and relaxes smooth muscle of blood vessels, mainly arteries, causeing vasodilation | Hyperstat(diazoxide) |
| vasodilators? | BP<,a sodium and water are retained resulting in peripheral edema. |
| ace:angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | cause little change in cardiac output treat stage 1,2 hypertension, some for heart failureside effects -constant cough |
| Monopril(fosinopril) | ace inhibitor reduces peripheral resistance and improves cardiac output |
| Lotensin(benazepril HCL | ace inhibitor treat stage 1,2 hypertension |
| Cozaar(Losartan potassium) | ARB prevent the release of Na-retaining hormone aldosterone, block the angiotensin II from the AT1 receptor found in many tissues |
Created by:
VRoberts
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