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psychology paper 3:
psychology : sources of stress (workplace stress):
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. what did Karasek's job demands-control model state (1979)? | stressful demands of job eg workload can lead to poor health but amount of control can counter it (acts as a buffer against negative effects of job demands) |
| 2. what did Bosma et al do? | carried out a prospective study of over 10,000 civil servants in a wide range of job grades |
| 3. when did Bosma et al carry out their study? | 1997 |
| 4. what was Bosma et al's procedure? | detailed questionnaire measuring various aspects of workload and job control and participants examined for CHD and followed up after 5 years |
| 5. what were the findings of Bosma et al's study? | no correlation between workload and illness so job demands were not a significant workplace stressor but those with low degree of control more likely to have CHD 5 years later even when other factors accounted for, across all job grades |
| 6. when did Johansson et al conduct his research? | 1978 |
| 7. what was Johansson's research procedure? | natural experiment comparing 2 Swedish sawmill groups: 14 wood finishers (repetitive isolated little control but demanding) and cleaners (high control, flexibility, social) measuring illness and urinary stress hormones in morning and at work 3 times a day |
| 8. what was Johansson's findings? | higher level stress hormones in finishers overall (highest in the morning and increased during the day) cleaners decreased more stress related illnesses in finishers |
| 9. what did Johansson conclude? | both demands and lack of control create chronic physiological arousal leading to stress hormone production and development of stress related illnesses |
| 10. how are there cultural similarities? | workload stress is a culturally generalisable concept where Liu et al (2007) investigated job stress perception in China (c) and US (i) using qualitative methods asking workers to describe stress over previous month finding it is similar |
| 11. why does it ignore culture? | not all workplace stress concepts are recognised across cultures where Gyorkos et al (2012) reviewed cross cultural studies of job control finding it too be more stressful in (i)>(c) suggesting job control reflects personal rights in (i) but (c) = group |
| 12. how is it a simplistic model? | no take into account workplace stressors (other types) as well as perception of control or workload varies thus lacking validity |
| 13. how can control may actually be stressful rather than fulfilling? | having control may be more stressful than not having it depending on self-efficacy Meier et al (2008) employees with low self efficacy reported feeling stressed in high control jobs and vice versa, thus depending on individual differences - self efficacy |
| 14. how do workplace stress studies have high external validity? | usually conducted in the workplace environments so high mundane realism and generalisable to real world workplaces however have confounding variables which reduce internal validity eg employees already used to a job role |
Created by:
chachink
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