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Sociology ch. 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Empirical evidence | comes from direct experience, scientifically gathered data or experimentation |
| Steps of the scientific method | Ask a question, research existing sources, formulate a hypothesis, design and conduct a study, draw conclusions, and report results |
| Literature review | a review of any existing similar or related studies |
| Reliability | how likely research results are to be replicated if the study is reproduced |
| Validity | how well the study measures what it was designed to measure |
| Operational definition | sociologists define each concept, or variable, in terms of the physical or concrete steps it takes to objectively measure it |
| Primary source data collection | surveys, participant observation, ethnography, case study, unobtrusive observations, experiments, etc. |
| Survey | collects data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about behaviors and opinions, often in the form of a questionnaire or an interview |
| Value neutrality | identified by Max Weber - a practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results |
| Participant observation | researchers join people and participate in a group’s routine activities for the purpose of observing them within that context |
| Ethnography | the immersion of the researcher in the natural setting of an entire social community to observe and experience their everyday life and culture |
| Institutional ethnography | an extension of basic ethnographic research principles that focuses intentionally on everyday concrete social relationships |
| Case study | an in-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual. |
| Experiment | investigating relationships to test a hypothesis |
| Experimental group | group of people in an experiment who are exposed to the independent variables |
| Hawthorne effect | when people change their behavior because they know they are being watched as part of a study |
| Secondary data analysis | use of existing sources, the already completed work of other researchers or data collected by an agency or organization |
| Nonreactive/unobtrusive research | research that does not involve direct contact with subjects and will not alter or influence people's behaviors |
| Content analysis | applying a systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as they relate to the study at hand |
| Code of ethics - definition | formal guidelines for conducting sociological research, consisting of principles and ethical standards to be used in the discipline |
Created by:
89skysco
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