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ch. 45 Antilipidemic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antilipidemics | drugs that lower lipoproteins |
| Peripheral Vasodilators | drugs that dilate vessels that have been narrowed by vasospasms(spasm in blood vessel) |
| Lipids | cholesterol, triglycerids, phospholipids are bound in the inner shell of a protein |
| This is a carrier of lipids | Protein |
| Hyperlipidemia or Hyperlipoproteinemia | excess of one or more lipid in the blood |
| Name the 4 types of lipoproteins? | HDL(friendly,has more protein than fat), LDL(bad, has 50-60% of chlesterol in blood stream, VLDL( carry mostly triglycherides), Chylomicrons |
| This disease can result from result from elevated chlosterol, triglycerids, and LDL levels | CAD- coronary artery disease |
| Endogenously | something done internally |
| What should be done before prescribing antilipidemics drugs to lower lipoproteins? | nondrug therapy that includes exercise and weight reduction via diet. |
| What can increase the bodies LDL and decrease its HDL levels? | SMOKING |
| will diet alone reduce a persons lipid levels? | not usually because about 75-85% of serum cholesterol in endogenously made and people tend to not stick to set diet to lower their lipid levels |
| which lipoprotein carry lipids out of the body to the Liver for excretion in the Bile? | HDL's |
| which lipoprotein carry Triglycerides and less cholesterol? | VLDL |
| Which proteins carry 50-60% of cholesterol in the blood stream? | LDL |
| elevated levels of these lipoproteins increase the risk for atherosclerotic plaques and heart disease? | LDL |
| desirable cholesterol level | 150-200 |
| desirable HDL level? | 45-60 |
| Desirable LDL levels? good triglycerides level? | <100, high risk for CAD >160 40-150 |
| These Antilipidemics have fewere adverse effects and are better tolerated? | Statins-Hepatic reductase inhibitors |
| Questran(Cholestyramine resin) | 1st. Antilipidemic made, causes decreased GI absorption and may have vit. A, D, K deficiency (binds w/bile acids in the intestines) |
| Fibrate antilipidemics should not be taken with what? | Anticoagulants(<dose if taking w/antilipidemic therapy), because they are highly protein bound and will compete for protein sites. |
| This Antilipidemic requires large doses and is not tolerated well by patients? | Nicotinic acid, Niacin or B12( <VLDL & LDL and cholesterol levels) |
| concomitant | simultaneous use(2 drugs) |
| This (Antilipidemic) cholesterol absorption inhibitor acts on cells in the small intestine to inhibit cholesterol absorption? | Zetia(Ezetimibe) trade(generic) *combine with the statins for optimal effects* |
| What are the caution with Zetia use? | liver dysfunction |
| These antilipidemics inhibit cholesterol synthesis in the Liver, <cholesterol concentration & LDL, >HDL slightly. they cause> in Liver enzymes. | Statins |
| This Statin reduces Hyperlipidemia but may increase Digoxin levels & Warfarin effects and may cause Cataracts | Lipitor(astrovastatin Ca) |
| Statin can be combined with other drugs for what effect? | to decrease BP and blood clotting and to enhance th antitlipidemic effect Adivicor=lovastatin+niacin Caudet=atrovastatin+amlodipine |
| If patient abruptly stops taking Statin drugs what may occur? | will have 3 fold rebound and may suffer a AMI |
| Mevacor(Lovastatin) | controls cholesterol, <LDL, >HDL contraindicated for people w/liver disease, >alcohol intake, trauma, endocrine disorders. |
| Homocysteine | Lab to test for: AA and a byproduct of protein found in cheese, beef, cheddar cheese and eggs. linked to cardiovascular disease and stroke. these may promote clotting. vit b6, b12 and niacin may lower serum levels. |
| Rhabdomyolysis | is a disintegration of striated muscle fiber as a result of taking the statin drugs. symptoms include muscle pain or tenderness. |
| PAD.PVD | Peripheral Arterial(vascular) disease common in the elderly. symptoms:numbness and coolness of extremities |
| Claudication | pain and weakness of limb when walking but no symptoms at rest. |
| Peripheral Vasodilators | increase blood flow to extremities, used to treat PAD |
| Atherosclerosis | disorder resulting from yellowish plaques of cholesterol, other lipids and cellular debris in the inner walls of Arteries |
| Arteriosclerosis | arterial wall thickening, loss of elasticity and Calcification |
| What causes PAD? | Arteriosclerosis and hyperlipidemia |
| Vasodilan(Isoxsuprine HCL) | vasodilator, increases circulation caused by PAD, acts on vascular smooth muscle |
| side effects of vasodilan | causes hypostatic hypotention |
Created by:
VRoberts
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