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TA2521 Definitions
TA2521 Mental Health Concepts and Techniques
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mental Health | a relative state of being in which an individual can cope with the typical stresses of life, work productively, and is able to contribute to their community. |
| Mental illness | a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individuals cognition, emotional regulation, and behavior that reflects social psychosocial, genetic, or biological disturbances. |
| Moral Treatment Era | A pivotal stage in the development of psychiatry and occupational therapy that believed that persons with mental illness are capable of autonomy and the exercise of choice. |
| Theory | a widely accepted group of ideas that provides an acceptable rationale for a given group of symptoms that reflects beliefs, has scientific proof, and is widely developed and documented. |
| Psychoanalytical Theory | Originating from the work of Sigmund Freud on understanding mans psychosocial self. States that there is a constant process between the conscious and the unconscious. |
| Neuroscience Theory | Teaches that there is a need to have chemical and electrical activity in the brain in order for mental process to occur. Argues that mental illness is a direct result of problems with anatomy and brain chemistry. |
| Developmental Theory | Teaches that all maturity occurs in stages and in a set sequence. Suggests that problems arise when developmental milestones are not mastered. |
| Biopsychosocial Theory | The belief that humans function as systems that interact. Each system can affect the others causing disease/conditions. Treatments take the form of addiction treatment and educational programs. |
| Sensory Integration Theory | Suggests that mental functioning can be corrected/controlled through changes in brain chemistry resulting from specific gross motor movements. Used in the treatment of persons with schizophrenia. |
| Behavioral Theory | States that all behavior is described as a response to a stimulus and that rewarding a particular response will ensure repeats of that behavior. |
| Cognitive Behavioral Theory | based on the belief that thinking determines feelings and behaviors. States that a persons beliefs & assumptions change the thinking process. Treatment takes an educational approach. Used to treat addictions, anger, and anxiety. |
| Client Centered Theory | An approach to providing case based on the patients view of life & beliefs. Treatment is designed to include healthy life styles, reflecting pt. worth, pt. driven decisions that reflect personal values, with an emphasis on rapport and nonjudgmental care |
| Model | How a practice is taught, organized, and explained. Provides a method of delivery of service and direction for new development. |
| Inappropriate Affect | A disturbance in Affect defined by disharmony between the emotional feeling tone and the idea, thought, or speech accompanying it. |
| Affect | the underlying experience of feeling, emotion, attachment, or mood. |
| Blunted Affect | A disturbance in affect defined by a sever reduction in the intensity of external tone. |
| Flat Affect | A disturbance in affect defined by the absence or near absence of signs of affective expression. |
| Labile Affect | A disturbance in affect defined as rapid and abrupt changes in emotional feelings that are unrelated to external stiumuli. |
| Dysphoric Mood | A disturbance to mood defined as an unpleasant mood. |
| Irritable Mood | A disturbance to mood defined as a state in which a person is easily annoyed and provoked to anger. |
| Elevated Mood | A disturbance to mood defined as an air of confidence and enjoyment that is more cheerful than usual. |
| Mood Swing | A disturbance to mood that is defined as an oscillation between euphoria, depression, or anxiety. |
| Suicidal Ideation | A disturbance to mood that is defined as thoughts of taking one's own life. |
| Anxiety | A disturbance to mood that is defined as feelings of apprehension caused by anticipation of danger that may be external or internal. |
| Fear | A disturbance to mood that is defined as anxiety caused by consciously recognized and realistic danger. |
| Panic | A disturbance to mood that is defined as an acute, episodic, intense attack or anxiety associated with overwhelming feelings or dread and autonomic discharge. |
| Thinking | A goal oriented flow of ideas, symbols, and associations, initiated by a problem or task and leading towards a reality-oriented conclusion. |
| Psychosis | A disturbance in thinking defined as the inability to distinguish reality from fantasy. |
| Illogical Thinking | A disturbance in thinking defined as thinking that contains erroneous conclusions or internal contraindications. |
| Circumstantiality | A disturbance to the Form of thoughts that is defined as indirect speech that is delayed in reaching the point |
| Tangentiality | A disturbance to the form of thoughts defined as the inability to have goal directed associations of thought. |
| Loosening of Associations | A disturbance to the form of thoughts that is defined as a flow of thought in which ideas shift from one subject to another in a completely random and unrelated manner. |
| Poverty of Thought | A disturbance to the content of thought defined as thoughts that give little information and is vague in nature. Includes empty repetitions or obscure phrases. |
| Overvalued Idea | A disturbance to the content of thought defined as unreasonable, sustained false belief maintained less firmly than a delusion. |
| Delusion | A disturbance to the content of thought defined as a false belief based on inference about external reality that is not consistent with the patients intelligence and cultural background and can not be corrected by reasoning. |
| Hypochondria | A disturbance to the content of thought defined as exaggerated concerns about health that is based on unrealistic interpretations of physical signs or sensations as abnormal that is not based on real organic pathology. |
| Obsession | A disturbance to the content of thought that is defined as a pathological persistence of an irresistible thought or feeling that cannot be eliminated from consciousness by logical effort. |
| Compulsion | A disturbance to the content of thought that is defined as the pathological need to act on impulse that may or may not include an obsession, that if resisted produces anxiety. |
| Phobia | A disturbance to the content of thought that is defined as the persistent, irrational, exaggerated, and invariably pathological dread or a specific desire to avoid the feared stimulus. |
| Halluciantion | A disturbance of perception defined as false sensory perception not associated with real external stimuli. May or may not be comorbid with a delusion. |
| Mental Retardation | lack of intelligence to a degree in which there is interreference with social and vocational performance. |
| Dementia | Organic and global deterioration of intellectual functioning with clouding of consciousness. |
| Abstract Thinking | The ability to appreciate nuances of meaning; multidimensional thinking with the ability to use metaphors and hypotheses appropriately. |
| Insight | A persons ability to understand the true cause and meaning of a situation. |
| Judgment | The ability to understand a situation correctly and to act appropriately in it. |
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