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Ch 13 - Medications
Foundations of Nursing
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| biotranformation | a metabolic process that takes place mainly in the liver and helps facilitate the excretion or both exogenous and endogenous substances - occurs under the influence of enzymes |
| injection | a way of administering a liquid to a person using a needle and syringe |
| adverse effects | undesired, unintended, and often unpredictable responses to medication |
| anaphylactic reactions | life threatening; characterized by a sudden constriction of bronchiolar muscles, edema of the pharynx and larynx, and severe wheezing and shortness of breath |
| biological half-life | the time it takes for excretion processes to lower the serum medication concentration by half |
| detoxify | break down; remove biologically active chemicals |
| buccal | involves placing the solid medication in the mouth against the mucous membranes of the cheek until it dissolves |
| idiosyncratic reaction | a patient overreacts or underreaacts to a medication or has a reaction different from normal |
| instillation | fluid is retained |
| intraarticular | an injection of a medication into a joint |
| intracardiac | an injection of a medication directly into cardiac tissue |
| intradermal (ID) | injection into the dermis just under the epidermis |
| intramuscular (IM) | injection into a muscle |
| intraocular | involves inserting a medication similar to a contact lense into a patient's eye |
| intravenous (IV) | injection into a vein |
| absorption | occurs when medication molecules pass into the blood from the site of medication administration - the route of administration, ability of the meidcation to dissolve, blood flow to the site of administration, body surface area (BSA), and liquid solubility |
| irrigations | the cleansing of a canal or cavity of the washing of a wound by flushing with water or other fluids |
| medication allergy | unpredictable responses to a medication - an immune response in the body that produces an allergic reaction to a medicine |
| pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) | a device that delivers a measured amount of a medication as a mist the patient can inhale |
| prescriptions | written instructions from a physician, dentist, etc., to a pharmacist stating the form, dosage strength, etc., of a drug to be used by a specific patient |
| medication error | any preventable event that may cause inappropriate medication use of jeopardize patient safety - includes inaccurate prescribing, administering the wrong medication, using the wrong route or time interval, administering extra doses and/or failing to admi |
| medication interaction | when one medication modifies the action of another |
| medication reconciliation | nurses, pharmacists, and other health care providers compare the medication that a patient is taking currently with what the patient should be taking and any newly order medications |
| polypharmacy | the use of multiple medications, the use of potentially inappropriate or unnecessary medications, or the use of a medication that does not match a diagnosis |
| medication tolerance | occurs over time; usually noted clinically when patients receive more and more medication (higher doses) to achieve the same therapeutic effect |
| minimum effective concentration (MEC) | the plasma level of a medication below which the effect of the medication does not occur |
| parenteral administration | involves injecting a medication into body tissue |
| peak | highest level (of concentration) |
| pharmacokinetics | the study of how medications enter the body, reach their site of action, metabolize, and exit the body |
| side effect | predictable and often unavoidable adverse effect produced at a usual therapeutic dose |
| solution | a given mass of solid substance dissolved into a known volume of fluid or a given volume of liquid dissolved into a known volume of another fluid |
| subcutaneous | injection into tissues just below the dermis of the skin |
| sublingual | medications readily absorbed after being placed under the tongue to dissolve - do not swallow or drink anything until the medication is completely dissolved |
| synergistic effect | combined effect is greater than the effect of the medications when given seperataly |
| therapeutic effect | the expected or predicted physiological response caused by a medication |
| toxic effects | often developed after prolonged intake of a medication or when a medication accumulates into the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion |
| transdermal disk | patch (has systemic effects) |
| trough | lowest level (of concentration) |
| ophthalmic | prescribed medications for eye conditions such as glaucoma of after cataract extraction - common in older adults |
| Z-track method | a technique for pulling the skin during an injection - recommended for intramuscular injections) |
| verbal order | order given verbally to the nurse - nurse who took the order writes the complete order or enters it into the computer, reads it back, and receives confirmation from the health care provider |
Created by:
marymeghrian
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