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Psych 381
Abnormal psych midterm study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychopathology | the scientific study of psychological disorders |
| psychological disorder | psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impairment in function that is not typical or culturally expected |
| Etiology | the study of the causes of diseases, the cause or origin of a disease |
| Etiology:presenting a problem | the behaviors thoughts, and feelings of the person |
| Etiology:aims to | distinguish clincally signficant dysfunction from common human experience |
| Prevalence | how many current people in the population |
| Incidence | how many new cases |
| Acute vs insidious | immediate or gradual |
| supernatural tradition | "Good vs. Evil" Caused by demonic possession, witchcraft, sorcery. Treatments = exorcism, torture, beatings and crude surgeries. Moon and stars control the world's outcomes (early astrology) |
| Biological tradition | "Hippocrates" thought abnormal behavior was a physical disease. Galen extended his work. Galen-hippocratic = linked abnormality with brain chemical imbalances, foreshadowed modern views. |
| Psychological tradition | Psychoanalytic theory- fruedian. Structure of mind = id (pleasure: illogical, emotional, irrational), Ego (reality:logical and rational), super ego (moral: keeps id and ego in balance) |
| defense mechanisms of psychoanalytic theory | ego loses battle with id and super ego: displacement and denial, rationalization and reaction formation, projection repression and sublimation |
| psychosexual stages of development of psychoanalytic theory | Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages |
| The Present: An Integrative Approach | Psychopathology is multiply determined, 1-D accounts are incomplete. Must consider reciprocal(mutual) relationships between: bio, psycho, social, and experiential factors. |
| The Present: An Integrative Approach continued | Defining abnormal behavior - complex, multifaceted, and has evolved. The supernatural tradition HAS NO PLACE IN THE SCIENCE of abnormal behavior. |
| One-dimensional model | Explains behavior in terms of a single cause, could mean a paradigm, school or conceptual approach. Tendency to ignore info from other areas |
| Multi-dimensional model | draws upon information from several sources. Interdisciplinary, eclectic, and integrative. "System" of influences that cause and maintain suffering. Abnormal behavior results from multiple influences |
| Major influences of Multi-dimensional model | Biological: inherited overreaction reflex, HR and BP increase, body over compensates, light-headed and queasy. Behavioral: conditioned response to situations - even words produce same reaction. Emotional: fear and anxiety. Social & cultural, developmental |
| Phenotype | observable constitution of an organism |
| Genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits. |
| Diasthesis-Stress model | both inheritance and a stressor are required. The greater the underlying vulnerablility, the less stress is needed to trigger a disorder. |
| Reciprocal Gene-Environment model | genetic tendency to CREATE environmental risk factors |
| Soma | cell body |
| dendrites | branches that receive messages (electronic stimulations) from other neurons |
| axon | trunk of neuron that sends messages to other neurons |
| axon terminals | buds at the end of an axon from which chemical messages are sent |
| Neurotransmitters | chemical messengers |
| main types of neurotransmitters | serotonin (5-HT), GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid), norepinephrine, dopamine |
| assessing psychological disorders | Symbol: The funnel - multidimensional in approach and narrow to specific problem areas |
| purposes of clinical assessment | to UNDERSTAND the individual, PREDICT their behavior, plan TREATment, and EVALUATE treatment outcomes. |
| Reliability | degree to which a measurement is CONSISTENT - that may be relied on: dependable in achievement, accuracy, honesty, etc. |
| Validity | Degree to which the technique MEASURES what it is DESIGNED TO MEASURE: the state or quality of being valid, legal soundness or force. |
| Clinical interview: domains of assessment | most common clinical assessment method, structure or semi-structured. BUILD RAPPORT** basis of all therapy if you don't have a connection with your client, it won't work. |
| Rapport | relation, connection, especially harmonious or sympathetic relation |
Created by:
griffol
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