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AP Psych Prologue
AP Psychology History and Approaches
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| applied research | scientific study that aims to solve practical problems. |
| basic research | pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base. |
| clinical psychology | a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders. |
| empiricism | the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment. |
| functionalism | a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. |
| natural selection | the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations. |
| nature-nurture issue | the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. |
| psychiatry | a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy |
| psychology | the study of behavior and mental processes |
| structuralism | an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind. |
| humanistic psychology | historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth. |
| levels of analysis | the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon. |
| biopsychosocial approach | an integrated perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis. |
| counseling psychology | a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being. |