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Urinary System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Arteriole | Small artery |
| calciferol | active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney |
| calyx | cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis |
| catheter | tube for injecting or removing fluids |
| cortex | outer region of an organ |
| creatinine | nitrogenous waste excreted in urine |
| electrolyte | chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water |
| erythropoietin | hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow |
| filtration | process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter |
| glomerular capsule | enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus |
| glomerulus | tiny ball of capillaries |
| hilium | depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave |
| kidney | one of two bean shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region |
| meatus | opening or canal |
| medulla | inner region of an organ |
| nephron | combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney |
| nitrogenous waste | substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine |
| Potassium | electrolyte regulated by the kidney so the proper concentration is maintained within the blood |
| reabsorption | process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back to the bloodstream |
| renal artery | blood vessel that carries blood to the kidneys |
| renal pelvis | central collecting region in the kidney |
| renal tubule | microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration |
| renal vein | blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart |
| renin | hormone secreted by the kidney; raises blood pressure |
| sodium | electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys |
| trigone | triangular area in the urinary bladder |
| urea | major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine |
| ureter | one of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder |
| urethra | tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
| uric acid | nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine |
| urinary bladder | hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine |
| urination (voiding) | process of expelling urine; also called micturition |
| cali/o, calic/o | calyx; cup shaped |
| cyst/o | urinary bladder |
| glomerul/o | glomerulus |
| meat/o | meatus |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| ren/o | kidney |
| trigon/o | trigone |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| vesic/o | urinary bladder |
| albumin/o | albumin |
| azot/o | nitrogen |
| bacteri/o | bacteria |
| dips/o | thirst |
| kal/i | potassium |
| ket/o, keton/o | ketone bodies |
| lith/o | stone |
| natr/o | sodium |
| noct/o | night |
| olig/o | scanty |
| -poietin | substance that forms |
| py/o | pus |
| -tripsy | crushing |
| ur/o | urine (urea) |
| urin/o | urine |
| -uria | urination; urine condition |
| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney |
| interstitial nephritis | inflammation of connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules |
| nephrolithiasis | kidney stones |
| nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis) | group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine |
| polycystic kidney disease | multiple fluid filled sacs within and on the kidney |
| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma |
| renal cell carcinoma | cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood |
| renal failure | decrease in excretion of wastes results from impairs filtration function |
| renal hypertension | high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease |
| wilms tumor | malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood |
| bladder cancer | malignant tumor of the urinary bladder |
| diabetes insipidus | antidiuretic hormone is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH |
| diabetes mellitus | insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to it's effects |
| blood urea nitrogen | measurement of urea levels in blood |
| creatinine clearance | measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney |
| CT urography | x-ray images obtained using computed tomography show multiple cross sectional and othe views of the kidney |
| kidneys, ureters, and bladder | x-ray examination of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder |
| renal angiography | x-ray exam of the blood vessels of the kidney |
| retrograde pyelogram | x-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder |
| voiding cystourethrogram | x-ray image of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding |
| ultrasonography | imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves |
| radioisotope scan | image of the kidney obtained after injecting a radioactive substance into the bloodstream |
| MRI urography | changing magnetic field produces images of the kidneys and surrounding structures in three planes of the body |
| cystoscopy | visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope |
| dialysis | process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood |
| lithotripsy | urinary tract stones are crushed |
| hemodialysis | artificial kidney machine to cleanse the blood |
| peritoneal dialysis | uses a catheter to put fluid into the peritoneal cavity |
| renal angioplasty | dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries |
| renal biopsy | removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination |
| renal transplantation | surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient |
| urinary catherization | passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder |
Created by:
dearthadi
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