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Integumentary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How much of the body's total weight does the skin take up? | 15% |
| Functions | protection of underlying tissues, acts as a site of sensory reception, regulation of body temperature, salt and water excretion, and formation of vitamin D (essential for calcium absorption) |
| Layers | epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue |
| Where is the thickest skin located? | palms and soles of feet |
| Where is the thinnest skin located? | eyelids |
| What is the outermost layer of skin composed of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium? | Epidermis |
| Is the Epidermis avascular or vascular? | avascular |
| What does the epidermis contain? | nerves and nerve endings |
| What are the 5 layers of the epidermis in order from deep to superficial? And what happens there? | Stratum basale , Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum corneum |
| What happens at the Stratum basale layer? | base layer where cell division takes place |
| What happens at the Stratum spinosum layer? | where cells are tightly bound together |
| What happens at the Stratum granulosum layer? | where cells become waterproof and cells continue to breakdown |
| What happens at the Stratum lucidum layer? | precursor for keratin is laid down, cells flatten and appear clear, no nuclei are seen |
| What happens at the Stratum corneum layer? | outer layer, provides a protective layer that is waterproof and hard, thickest in sizes of feet and palms of hands |
| Which layer is comprised of columnar cells that undergo mitosis and migrate up towards the outer layers? | Stratum basale |
| How long does it take for a cell to go from birth to slough? | 30 days |
| What do deep layers contain? | melanocytes which produce the dark pigment melanin |
| Is the dermis avascular or vascular? | vascular |
| What does the dermis contain? | nerves |
| What is dermis made of? | dense irregular connective tissues |
| How much thickness of the skin does dermis taken up? | 80% |
| What kind of layers does the dermis contain? | superficial papillary layer and deeper reticular layer |
| What does the papillary layer form? | Papillae that extend into the epidermis that contain tactile receptors |
| How are hand and foot prints made? | papillae arranged in parallel ridges (friction ridges) |
| What does the reticular layer contain? | many collagen fibers are laid down in multiple directions to resist 3D stress |
| Is subcutaneous tissue avascular or vascular? | vascular |
| What does subcutaneous tissue contain? | nerves and sensory receptors involved in deep pressure |
| what does subcutaneous tissue made of? | loose connective tissue with an abundance of adipose cells |
| Is subcutaneous tissue more abundant in males or females? | females |
| What are associated structures? | part of the integument and have specific functions |
| What is a hair follicle? | derived from the epidermis and growing down into the dermis and subcutaneous tissue |
| What is sebaceous gland? | produces oil (sebum) that results from the disintegration of some gland cells |
| What is arrestor pilorus muscles? | smooth muscles attached to the hair follicle and the dermal-epidermal junction |
| What is sweat glands? | secretion part in the dermis and ducts passing through the epidermis to open at pores on the skin surface |
| What are nails? | protective structures of hard keratin located at the tips of fingers and tors |
| How is hair formed? | cells of the follicular papillae undergoing mitosis |
| Where do ducts pass through? | into the neck of the hair follicle and lubricates it, but can directly to the skin |
| What happens during contraction due to cold weather? | causes hairs to stand erect and traps layer of air within the hairs, acts as insulator |
| Which nervous system is the arrector pilorus muscles involved in? | ANS flight or fight response |
| What does sweat glands contain? | contains salt and ammonia that kill microbes, and with sebum, forms a surface film that lubricates and moistens the skin |
Created by:
reland
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