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Course Introduction

QuestionAnswer
Name the subdivisions of anatomy Cytology, Histology, Gross, Surface, Developmental, Comparative, Radiology, Anatomical Pathology
Origin and meaning of Anatomy Greek Ana = apart Tomy = cut
Origin and meaning of Dissect Latin Dis = apart Sectare = cut
Origin and meaning of Cytology Greek Kytos = cell Logos = knowledge of
Origin and meaning of Histology Greek Histo = tissue Logos = knowledge of
Gross Anatomy study of structures visible with the naked eye
Surface Anatomy study of the surface structures
Developmental Anatomy (Embryology) development of body prior to birth
Comparative Anatomy comparing human structure to that of other animals
Radiology use of radiation to visualize internal body structure
Anatomical Pathology study of tissue that departs from the normal and thus is diseased
Regional Divisions of the Body Head, Neck, Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis, Back (posterior aspect of thorax, abdomen, and pelvis), Trunk (thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and back), Upper Limb, Lower Limb
Structure and Function of Cardiovascular or Circulatory S: heart and blood vessels F: transports nutrients and oxygen to cells, removes waste molecules that are excreted from the body
Structure and Function of Lymphatic S: lymphatic vessels, nodes, supporting lymphocytes, and lymphoid organs F: protect body from disease by purifying fluid, involves wbc that produce antibodies
Structure and Function of Respiratory S: lungs, pharynx, larynx, and trachea F: conducts air, brings o2 into lung, co2 out
Structure and Function of Digestive S: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas F: receives food and digests it into nutrient molecules, which enter the cells
Structure and Function of Urinary S: kidneys, ureter, bladder, and urethra F: rids the body of nitrogenous wastes and helps regulate the fluid level and chemical content of the blood
Structure and Function of Integumentary S: skin, nails, hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, subcutaneous tissue F: provides support and protects underlying tissues, helps regulate body temperature, contain receptors
Structure and Function of Skeletal S: bone, cartilage F: framework, movement of the body
Structure and Function of Muscular S: muscles F: movement of body
Structure and Function of Articular S: joints F: movement of body
Structure and Function of Nervous S: brain, spinal cord, nerves F: conducts nerve impulses to muscles and glands and receive impulses
Structure and Function of Endocrine S: hormones, endocrine glands F: secretes chemicals that serve as messengers between body parts, maintains proper functioning of reproductive organs
Structure and Function of Reproductive S: reproductive organs F: reproduction
Anatomical Position body longitudinal, upper limbs by side, eyes directed forward, palms directed forward, toes directed forward
Median Plane (Midsagittal) equal right and left
Sagittal Plane parallels median plane, unequal left and right
Frontal Plane (Coronal) divides into front and back parts
Horizontal Plane (Transverse, Axial) divides into upper and lower parts
Medial nearer the median plane
Lateral farther away from the median plane
Anterior (ventral) nearer the front
Posterior (dorsal) nearer the back
Superior (cephalic) nearer the upper end
Proximal nearer the attached end of a limb
Distal farther away the attached end of a limb
Internal nearer the center of an organ or cavity
External farther away from the center of an organ or cavity
Inferior (caudal) nearer the lower end
Superficial nearer the surface of the body
Deep farther away from the surface of the body
Supine Position lying on back, belly up
Prone Position lying on front, back up
Created by: reland
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