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science cells/mic
for the cells and microscopes test on thursday
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is cytology? | Study of cells (AKA cellular biology. |
| What are the 3 parts of the cell theory? | All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure/function, all cells arise from existing cells. |
| What is an organelle? | A part of a cell that is very small and carries out specific activities for the cell. |
| What is a cell membrane? | The outer layer of the cell, protects the cell and keeps 2 environments separated. |
| What is an example of an organelle? | Nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes. |
| What is an example of a cell membrane? | Orange peel, skin. |
| What is permeability? | Allowing or not allowing things through (per = through) |
| What are the 3 levels of permeability? | 100% permeable (everything let in), semi permeable (some stuff let in), non permeable (nothing let in). |
| What is the function of the nucleus? | Acts as the control center of the cell, and contains the DNA of the cell. |
| What is the function of the cytoplasm? (NOT AN ORGANELLE) | Acts as the skeleton of the cell, supports organelles and keeps them in place. |
| What is the function of mitochondria? | Acts as the powerhouse of the cell, processes energy and makes ATP. |
| What is the function of the Golgi Complex? | Acts as the mail center, transport center of the cell, and has incoming and outgoing vesicles to transport energy to the rest of the cell. |
| What are the functions of ribosomes? | Synthesizes (makes) proteins for the cell. |
| What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum? (SER) | Transports materials throughout the cell, digests lipids (fats), and produces proteins. |
| What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum? (RER) | Covered with ribosomes, and produces proteins. |
| What is the function of a lysosome? | Acts as a waste disposal, breaks down materials for digestion, has enzymes to help speed up biochemical reactions (make things go faster). |
| What are some human cell facts? | There are 200+ types of cells, and the average numbers of cells in the human bodies are 36 trillion for men and 28 trillion for women. |
| What is the function of the cell wall? (in plant cells only) | An extra layer of protection (along with the membrane) on the outer cell. |
| What is a chloroplast? (in plant cells only) | Contains chlorophyll, makes plants appear green. Uses light energy to make sugars (cellulose) and ATP. |
| What is a central vacuole? (in plant cells only) | Filled with fluid, helps maintain pressure and the shape of the cell. |
| What is microscopy? | The technical field of using microscopes. |
| What is a compound light microscope? | It uses two lenses and needs light to see objects, most commonly used in classrooms. |
| What is magnification? | The process of enlarging the apparant size (zooming in) |
| How do you determine total magnification? | Multiply power of the eyepiece lens and the power of the objective lens being used. |
| What is resolution? | The ability of a microscope to distinguish details. (how clear you can see things on a microscope) |
| What is a micrometer? (AKA MICRON) | One millimeter divided by 1000. |
| What is the difference between a compound light microscope and an electron microscope? | Compound light microscopes use a light source to view items, electron microscopes use laser beams to view objects. |
| Why are stains used in microscopy? | To enhance the resolution, you can examine the cells more carefully now. |
| What is the purpose of a cover slip? | To keep the thing on the slide in place so you can properly examine it. |
| What role does the diaphragm play in microscopy? | It allows different levels of light to be let onto the stage for examination of the slide. |
| What role does the pointer in the ocular lens play? | It spins around and lets you find the center of the Field of View. |
| What does the eyepiece do? | Is the part where your eye goes so you can look at what's on the slide. |
| What are the 3 objective lens and their powers? | Scanning power (4x), Low power (10x), high power (40x). |
| What colors correspond to each objective lens? | Scanning power- red, low power- yellow, high power- blue. |
| What is a prokaryotic cell? | Found in prokaryotes, usually unicellular. Found in bacteria, have NO NUCLEUS! And have no membrane bound organelles that DONT have a single or double membrane. |
| What is a eukaryotic cell? | Found in eukaryotes, can be unicellular or multicellular. Found in plant/animal cells, have A NUCLEUS! And DO have membrane bound organelles that DO have a single or double membrane. |
| What does the coarse adjustment knob do? | Used on scanning or low power, brings the stage up or down in bigger increments to focus your object. |
| What does the fine adjustment knob do? | ONLY used on fine power, brings the stage up or down in smaller increments to focus your object to the highest capacity. |
| What does the diaphragm do when it is at 5 compared to what it does when it's at 1? | When it's at 5 it lets more light in to view thicker objects, when it's at 1 is allows a smaller percentage of light in to view thinner objects. |
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