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Psychology HR
Human Relationships Topic 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fisher et al (2005) - Formation of personal relationship Aim | To investigate neurophysiologic correlates of early-stage romantic love |
| Fisher et al (2005) - Participants | 10 female and 7 male students that were in the early stages of romantic love, average of 7 months |
| Fisher et al (2005) - Procedure 1-2 | (1) participants are interviewed about their relationship to establish the duration, intensity and range of feelings of romantic love. (2) they filled in two questionnaires one about intensity of passion, other one on general emotional intensity |
| Fisher et al (2005) - Procedure 3 | (3) participants provided a photograph of the beloved (positive stimulus) and a similar photograph of a familiar, emotionally neutral acquaintance of same age and sex of beloved (neutral stimulus) |
| Fisher et al (2005) - Procedure 4 | they were fMRI-scanned where they did 4 tasks, repeated 6 times. 1. viewed positive stimulus for 30 s. 2. performed a count back distraction task for 40 s. 3. viewed neutral stimulus for 30 s 4. performed countback task for 20 s |
| Fisher et al (2005) - Procedure 5 | (5) they were interviewed again and asked whether they had followed the instructions |
| Fisher et al (2005) - Results | The researchers found that the brain’s reward system was particularly active when the lovers looked at pictures of the object of their love - that is, increased activity in the areas of the brain with high levels of dopamine neurons |
| Walum et al (2008) - aim | Wanted to see if men with higher levels of the hormone vasopressin have higher rates of marital satisfaction. There is a genetic variation (allele 334) that leads to lower levels of vasopressin in males. |
| Walum et al (2008) - participants | Walum tested a sample of 552 Swedish participants for the variation; the sample was taken from a larger twin study as all of the participants had already been genotyped. |
| Walum et al (2008) - Procedure | The participants were asked to fill out a Likert-Scale test called the (PBS). This test measured their level of attachment to their partner, perceived marital problems, and overall satisfaction with their marriage. 5-12 years marriage. |
| Walum et al (2008) - Results | Walum found there was a significant difference in satisfaction in their relationships among men with the polymorphism of allele 334 - men who had the genetic variation were less satisfied in their relationships than those without the variation. |
| Markey and Markey (2007) - Aim | To investigate the role of similarity in choosing romantic partners. |
| Markey and Markey (2007) - Participants | 103 female and 66 male undergraduate students who were single but interested in finding a romantic partner (mean age 19.01) were recruited through advertisements |
| Markey and Markey (2007) - Procedure | 1st ppts - a questionnaire where they rated their own personality, values and attitudes. then had to do the same for their romantic ideal, w/o thinking of any1 in particular. also completed filler questionnaires to disguise the true purpose of the study. |
| Markey and Markey (2007) - Results | ppts described themselves and their ideal partner very similarly; The results indicate that people believe that similarity in a potential partner is important but this ideal partner might is difficult to find. |
| Hazan and Shaver (1987) - Aim | To show that the type of attachment an individual had during infanthood had an effect on the type of romantic relationships they would form in the future. |
| Hazan and Shaver (1987) - Procedure 1 | Respondents to a 'love-quiz' in a local newspaper were asked which of 3 descriptions best applied to their inner feelings about romantic relationships. These descriptions related to secure, insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant attachments. |
| Hazan and Shaver (1987) - Procedure 2 | Participants also completed a checklist describing childhood relationships with parents, relating to the same attachment types. Two separate samples were tested. |
| Hazan and Shaver (1987) - Procedure 3 | Sample 1 comprised 205 men and 415 women, between 14 and 82 years of age. 91% were heterosexual, 42% were married, 31% were dating, 28% were divorced or widowed, and 9% were co-habiting with some fitting into more than one category. |
| Hazan and Shaver (1987) - Procedure 4 | Sample 2 comprised 108 students, 70 females and 38 males, who answered additional items focusing more on the 'self' side of the mental model, as well as measuring loneliness |
| Hazan and Shaver (1987) - Results | Both Samples: 56% - Secure Sample 1 - 23% Avoidant Sample 2 - 25% Avoidant Sample 1 - 19% Resistant Sample 2 - 20% Resistant |
| Hazan and Shaver (1987) - Results 2 | In both samples, those described as securely attached described the most important love relationship they ever had as 'happy, friendly and trusting'. These participants had longer lasting relationships and if they married tended not to divorce. |
| Hazan and Shaver (1987) - Results 3 | hey expressed belief in lasting love. They found others trustworthy and had confidence in their self as likeable. Insecure-avoidant participants were more doubtful about the existence or durability of romantic love. |
| Zajonc (1968) - Aim | The aim of this study was to investigate whether exposure to a certain person originated attraction. |
| Zajonc (1968) - Participants | a set of Michigan State University seniors (females) |
| Zajonc (1968) - Procedure 1-2 | 1. Participants were told they were taking part in a study about visual memory 2. They were shown a set of photos of male faces, each for 2 seconds. |
| Zajonc (1968) - Procedure 3-4 | 3. Photos were shown in different frequency levels to different groups (the 2 conditions = high and low frequency) 4. Each time they were shown the photo, they were asked to rate how much they would like the man on a scale of 1-7 |
| Zajonc (1968) - Results | When the participants were exposed to the image more frequently, their rating of the likeability of the man in the photo was significantly greater than when they had only seen the image once. |
| Moreland and Beach (1992) - Aim | The aim of this study is to test the validity of the mere-exposure effect. |
| Moreland and Beach (1992) - Participants | 130 undergraduate psychology students (63 male; 67 female); all of the participants were taking a personality psychology course in a large lecture hall. |
| Moreland and Beach (1992) - Procedure 1 | 4 women posed as students in the course. Each of them attended a different number of lectures. Woman A attended no session; woman B attended 5 sessions; woman C attended 10; woman D attended 15. It was randomly determined which sessions they attended. |
| Moreland and Beach (1992) - Procedure 2 |
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