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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What triggered U.S. military action in Korea in 1950? | The invasion of South Korea by troops from North Korea |
| Which of the following islands had to be captured in order to provide a staging area for U.S. bombing raids against Japan? | Iwo Jima |
| Why did President Roosevelt authorize the roundup and internment of all Americans of Japanese descent in 1942? | A large number of people believed that Japanese Americans were potential sources of espionage and subversion. |
| What was the policy of trying to limit the expansion of Soviet influence abroad? | containment |
| In his foreign policy before World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt sought | to encourage free trade and disarmament |
| Rock and roll had its roots in | African-American blues |
| During World War II, unionized workers agreed ________. | to keep production going by not striking |
| Which description best applies to Levittown, New York? | An example of mass-produced affordable housing in the suburbs |
| Why did the United States overthrow the president of Guatemala in 1954? | He threatened to nationalize profitable land owned by a United States corporation. |
| Which statement describes the significance of the U.S and British landing in Sicily in July 1943? | It marked the end of Mussolini's facsism |
| The Truman administration tried to help Europe recover from the devastation of World War II with the ________. | Marshall Plan |
| Which event occurred as a result of the Nazi-Soviet treaty of nonaggression in August 1939? | Hitler's invasion of Poland |
| The reluctance of the United States to accept Jewish refugees from Nazi oppression was primarily due to | anti-Semitism |
| Why did President Truman approve the development of a hydrogen bomb in 1949? | The United States confirmed that the Soviets had detonated an atomic bomb. |
| The program to recruit Mexican agricultural workers during World War II was the ________. | bracero program |
| Which statement describes the relationship between American ethnic minorities and the armed forces during World War II? | They fought in large numbers in the armed forces despite discriminatory treatment |
| Why did American scientists start to develop a superbomb in 1942? | They did not want the Germans to develop one first. |
| What allowed the United States to emerge from World War II as the most powerful nation in the world? | It had both a monopoly on atomic weapons and expanded production capacity. |
| Truman referred to his program of economic and social reform as the ________. | Fair Deal |
| How did the civil rights movement of the 1950s and early 1960s differ from previous efforts to end racial segregation and discrimination in the United States? | It involved masses of people who used civil disobedience to bring about change. |
| Which statement best describes the significance of the stock market crash on the Great Depression? | At the time of the crash, the economy already had severe problems. |
| Which of the following groups would not be considered “the deserving poor” by social welfare groups and humanitarians in the 1930s? | stock speculators |
| What was the larger political significance of Hoover's response to the Bonus Marchers' encampment in Washington, D.C.? | The incident further underlined Hoover's inadequate response to the needs of the people. |
| During the 1930s, Los Angeles County responded to the growing presence of Mexicans by | deporting them, regardless of their citizenship status. |
| Which of the following groups or bodies did not offer direct relief to needy people? | the federal government |
| How did Herbert Hoover's belief in the principles of self-reliance, industrial self-management, and limited federal government fare once he occupied the White House? | Hoover's beliefs severely handicapped his ability to respond to the nation's economic problems during his term as president. |
| Which of the following hardships did African Americans not typically face during the Great Depression? | widespread race riots in large urban cities |
| Which assessment of Herbert Hoover’s presidency is most accurate? | Although he did not cause the stock market crash, Hoover deserves criticism for his inadequate response to it. |
| Why was Hoover's name used to describe shantytowns? | Hoover was viewed as uncaring toward those hit hard by the depression. |
| The presidential election of 1924 revealed American voters' | rejection of labor unions, government regulation of business, and the protection of civil liberties. |
| In the United States, the flapper of the 1920s represented | a challenge to women's traditional gender roles. |
| When Herbert Hoover took office in 1929, he brought to the presidency | principles of self-reliance and limited government. |
| How did the Great Depression affect the American family in the 1930s? | It created resentment among men, who lost their jobs more often than women did. |
| Where could starving unemployed people get assistance to feed their families? | Charities or state and local agencies |
| Which guiding idea formed the basis for New Deal policies? | Capitalism held the solution to the nation's economic crisis. |
| Which statement describes the purpose of Roosevelt's Civilian Conservation Corps? | It gave young men government jobs conserving natural resources. |
| Which criteria were used to determine who would receive Social Security benefits? | Benefits were based on workers' contributions and years of work. |
| With which statement would economist John Maynard Keynes most agree? | Government intervention is needed to pump enough money into the economy to revive production and increase consumption. |
| Which feature was a shortcoming of the New Deal? | Failure to address racial injustice |
| Which might be considered a shortcoming of the Works Progress Administration (WPA)? | It discriminated in favor of white men. |
| Refer to the image Women's Emergency Brigade Supports Sit-Down Strikers to answer the following question. The photograph shows a General Motors plant during a strike in 1937. What does the image suggest about labor disputes during the Great Depression? | Labor disputes affected entire families |
| Why did Dr. Francis Townsend propose a nationwide pension plan in 1934? | Many of his retired patients lived in misery. |
| Why did Roosevelt's agricultural policies fail to confront the economic and racial inequalities of the South's economic system? | Roosevelt depended on the support of white southern Democrats for the success of his political programs. |
| In addition to putting thirteen million men and women to work, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) also | expanded and renovated the nation's infrastructure. |
| Why did economic conservatives and the Republican Party oppose Social Security? | They believed it would give the government too much control over private property and destroy Americans' work ethic. |
| Which development created a major change in the circumstances of Native Americans during the New Deal? | The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, which tried to reverse the assimilationist goals of the Dawes Ac |
| What had caused the dramatic erosion of the soil in the Dust Bowl states of Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado, and Texas? | Drought and harmful agricultural practices |
| Why did business leaders continue to criticize the New Deal even as their economic situation improved? | A belief that it betrayed constitutional guarantees |
| How did Roosevelt signal a halt to New Deal reforms in his annual message to Congress in January of 1939? | He warned about the threats posed by fascism in Europe and proposed massive new defense expenditures. |
| Why did some labor leaders resent the National Recovery Administration (NRA)? | It allowed businesses to form company-controlled unions in charge of collective bargaining. |
| Why did Roosevelt avoid confronting segregation and racial injustice? | He needed the support of southern Democrats. |
| Why did economic conservatives and the Republican Party oppose Social Security? | They believed it would give the government too much control over private property and destroy Americans' work ethic. |
| The economic model developed in the 1930s by John Maynard Keynes advocated | government intervention to revive production, boost consumption, and restore prosperity. |
| Which of the following was not enacted in order to secure men and materials for the war effort? | the Food Administration |
| What of the following was not used to control American dissent against the war effort? | National Civil Liberties Bureau |
| Why did the war not increase overall prosperity? | because inflation made the cost of living higher |
| Which of the following did not influence the eventual passage of the Nineteenth Amendment? | the arguments of President Wilson's daughter |
| What was Article X in the Treaty of Versailles? | the agreement that all nations in the League of Nations would be rendered equal |
| Which of the following was not included in the Treaty of Versailles? | a curtailment of German immigration to Allied nations |
| What was the inciting event that led to the Chicago Race Riot of 1919? | the murder of a black boy who swam too close to a white beach |
| One result of the racial and demographic shifts that took place during World War I was | race riots in two dozen northern cities |
| To ensure the loyalty of an immigrant nation to the cause of war, President Wilson | launched a government-sponsored propaganda campaign to foster patriotism among different ethnic groups. |
| What caused Russia to negotiate a separate peace with Germany in 1917? | The Bolshevik Revolution had thrown the nation into turmoil and weakened the war effort. |
| Which promise did Warren G. Harding offer voters in the presidential election of 1920 | To return the nation to normalcy |
| Secretary of State John Hay initiated the Open Door policy in 1900 | to guarantee access to trade in China for all colonial powers. |
| Why did the United States express limited interest in overseas expansion in the 1860s and 1870s? | post-Civil War reconstruction |
| Which of the following did Mahan not believe was needed to build an American empire? | the reopening of the American frontier |
| Which is not one of the reasons the Anti-Imperial League gave for opposing the creation of an American empire? | fear that the United States would suffer a foreign invasion |
| Why was Hay’s suggestion of an open door policy beneficial for the United States over other nations? | The United States produced goods of better quality and lower cost than other countries. |
| How did the Boxer Rebellion strengthen American ties with China? | The United States provided troops to fight the rebels. |
| How did Colombia react to the United States’ proposal to construct a canal through Central America? | They felt that Roosevelt’s deal offered too little money. |
| With the Roosevelt Corollary, Roosevelt sought to establish ________. | the right of the United States to involve itself in Latin American affairs whenever necessary |
| Why did some Central American nations object to Taft’s paying off their debt to Europe with U.S. dollars? | because they felt it gave the United States too much leverage |
| Which goal did the United States hope to secure with the Spanish-American War? | Cuban independence from Spain |
| Why was it difficult for the United States to win control of the Philippines after 1898? | Filipino revolutionaries fought against the United States for years. |
| Which of the following was not a key area of focus for the Progressives? | land reform |
| Which of the following is not an example of social justice Progressivism? | referendums |
| How did Woodrow Wilson prevent a major railroad strike in the months before the 1916 election? | quickly pushing through a bill that established an eight-hour workday for railroad workers |
| How did (Theodore) Roosevelt's and Taft's vision of the presidency compare? | Roosevelt expanded the reach and power of the presidency, while Taft believed the office should be more narrowly defined. |
| The far-left labor organization Industrial Workers of the World (IWW, otherwise known as the Wobblies) focused on organizing which of the following groups? | Migrant farmworks |
| Where did most progressive reforms begin? | At the grassroots level |
| Taken together, what did President Roosevelt's actions in the anthracite coal strike of 1902 and the dissolution of Northern Securities in 1904 suggest? | Roosevelt's administration would act independently of big business. |
| Which statement describes Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom? | It incorporated his belief in limited government, states' rights, and open markets. |
| Why did Margaret Sanger promote birth control in the 1910s? | She believed it would usefully alter social and political power relationships. |
| Which reforms were championed by the Niagara movement led by W. E. B. Du Bois? | Equal civil rights for African-Americans and whites. |
| Which factor did progressives believe determined much of human behavior? | Environment |
| Which factor accounted for Woodrow Wilson's sudden support for new social reforms in 1914? | Republican gains in the 1914 election convinced him that he needed to win the support of former progressives. |
| How did the birth control movement align with other radical attempts to improve the standing of the working class in the early twentieth century? | The early birth control movement viewed placing family decisions in the hands of workers as compatible with other efforts to improve workers' standing |
| How did Woodrow Wilson's philosophy, "The New Freedom," differ from Roosevelt's philosophy, "The New Nationalism"? | Wilson valued the principles of limited government and states' rights. |
| How did President Wilson justify his unwillingness to support further progressive reforms? | He argued that the proposed measures would give "special privileges" to certain groups. |
| How did Alice Paul's pro-suffrage National Woman's Party aim to win the franchise for women in 1916? | By direct action and civil disobedience |
| As applied in politics, progressivism emphasized | reform over party loyalty. |
| How did the social gospel differ from social Darwinism? | The social gospel sought to reform capitalism's disparities, while social Darwinism viewed wealth as signaling divine favor. |
| Which of the following does not represent a group that participated significantly in westward migration after 1870? | former Southern slaveholders seeking land and new financial opportunities |
| Which of the following represents an action that the U.S. government took to help Americans fulfill the goal of western expansion? | the passage of the Homestead Act |
| What specific types of hardships did an average American farmer not face as he built his homestead in the Midwest? | droughts |
| Which of the following groups was not impacted by the invention of barbed wire? | railway workers |
| The American cowboy owes much of its model to what other culture? | Mexicans |
| What factor led to the near extinction of the bison following the Civil War? | Overhunting of the bison for their hides |
| As new technology and expanded markets transformed agriculture in the late nineteenth century, American farmers were increasingly likely to be | businessmen or wage laborers |
| Which of the following was not a primary method by which the American government dealt with American Indians during the period of western settlement? | appeasement |
| What brought the majority of Chinese immigrants to the United States? | gold |
| Homesteaders who received 160 acres of free land from the federal government reached the West only to find | they needed up to $1,000 to cover other expenses |
| What was Lincoln’s primary goal immediately following the Civil War? | reunifying the country |
| What was the primary purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment? | It made all native-born or naturalized persons American citizens |
| Which of the following was not one of the functions of the Freedmen’s Bureau? | collecting taxes |
| Under Radical Reconstruction, which of the following did former Confederate states not need to do in order to rejoin the Union? | pass the Fifteenth Amendment |
| What did the Thirteenth Amendment to the constitution, ratified in December 1865, establish? | The abolition of slavery throughout the United States |
| In 1864 and 1865, Radical Republicans were most concerned with ________. | securing civil rights for freed slaves |
| Which of the following is not one of the methods the Ku Klux Klan and other terrorist groups used to intimidate blacks and white sympathizers? | petitioning congress |
| What impact did the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment have on the women's rights movement? | The amendment marked the beginning of an independent women's suffrage crusade. |
| Which of the following was the term southerners used for a white southerner who tried to overturn the changes of Reconstruction? | redeemer |
| How did President Johnson shape the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment? | He campaigned against it. |
| How were the New England textile mills planned and built? | New England merchants and British migrants memorized plans from British mills. |
| Which is the best characterization of textile mill workers in the early nineteenth century? | young farm women whose behavior was closely monitored |
| Most people who migrated within the United States in the early nineteenth century went ________ | west toward Ohio |
| Which of the following was not a cause of the Panic of 1819? | Banks hoarded gold and silver. |
| Robert Fulton is known for inventing ________. | the steamship engine |
| Which of the following groups supported the abolition of slavery? | middle-class northerners |
| Which of the following was not one of the effects of the cotton boom? | U.S. trade increased with France and Spain. |
| The abolition of the foreign slave trade in 1807 led to _______. | the rise of a thriving domestic slave trade |
| Under the law in the antebellum South, enslaved people were ________. | property |
| The largest group of Whites in the South _______. | enslaved no one |
| John C. Calhoun argued for greater rights for southerners with which idea? | paternalism |
| Why did expansionists set their sights on the annexation of Spanish Cuba? | They did not want Cuba to become another Haiti where slavery was abolished. |
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