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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| habituation | the process of becoming more comfortable as you speak |
| specific purpose | a concise statement of what listeners should be able to do by the time the speaker finishes their speech |
| central idea | definitive point about a topic |
| main ideas | subdivisions of the central idea of a speech that provide detailed points of focus for delivering the speech |
| lay testimony | the opinion of someone who experienced an event or situation firsthand |
| figurative analogy | a comparison between two essentially dissimilar things that share some common feature on which the comparison depends |
| topical organization | organization determined by the speaker's discretion or by recency, primacy, or complexity. |
| primacy | arrangement of ideas from most important to least important or from strongest to weakest |
| recency | arrangement of ideas from least important to most important or from weakest to strongest |
| spatial organization | organization according to location, position, or direction |
| cause and effect organization | organization by discussing a situation and its effects, or a situation and its causes |
| specificty | organization from specific information to a more general statement or from a general statement to specific information |
| signpost | a verbal or nonverbal organization signal |
| concrete word | a word that refers to an object or describes an action or characteristic in the most specific way possible |
| specific word | a word that refers to an individual member of a general class |
| correct word | a word that means what the speaker intends and is grammatically correct in the phrase or sentence in which it appears |
| drama | a characteristic of a speech created when something is phrased in a way that differs from the way the audience responds |
| omission | leaving out a word or phrase the audience expects to hear |
| inversion | reversing the normal word order of a phrase or sentence |
| candence | the rhythm of language |
| parallelism | using the same grammatical structure for two or more clauses or sentences |
| antithesis | contrasting the meanings of the two parts of a parallel structure |
| alliteration | the repetition of a constant sound several times in a phrase, clause, or sentence |
| inflection | variation in vocal pitch |
| dialect | a consistent style of pronunciation and articulation that is common to an ethnic and geographic region |
| cognitive dissonance | the sense of mental disorganization or imbalance that may prompt a person to change when new information conflicts with previously organized thought patterns |
| hierarchy of needs | Abraham Maslow's classic theory that humans have five levels of needs and that lower-level needs must be met before people can be concerned about higher-level needs |
| elaboration likelihood model (ELM) | a contemporary theory that people can be persuaded both directly and indirectly |
| proposition of fact | a claim that something is or is not the case or that something did or did not happen |
| proposition of value | a claim that calls for the listener to judge the worth or importance of something |
| proposition of policy | a claim advocating a specific action to change a regulation, procedure, or behavior |
| rhetoric | the process of discovering the available means of persuasion |
| dynamism | an aspect of a speaker's credibility that reflects whether the speaker is perceived as energetic |
| terminal credibility | the final impression listeners have of a speaker's credibility after the speech has been concluded |
| derived credibility | the impression of a speaker's credibility based on what the speaker says and does during the speech |
| inductive reasoning | using specific instances or examples to reach a probable general conclusion |
| reasoning by analogy | a special kind of inductive reasoning that draws a comparison between two ideas, things, or situations that share some essential common feature |
| deductive reasoning | moving from a general statement or principle to reach a certain specific conclusion |
| syllogism | a three-part argument, including a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion |
| refutation | organization according to objections your listeners may have to your ideas and arguments |
| motivated sequence | Alan H. Monroe's five-step plan for organizing a persuasive message: attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action |
| logical divisions | genres: types of music, types of instruments |
| extended analogy | is a type of composition where one idea, process, or thing is explained by comparing it to something else over a longer narrative |
| literal analogy | a comparison between two similar things |
| figurative analogy | a comparison between two essentially dissimilar things that share some common feature on which the comparison depends |
| operational definition | is a clear, concise detailed definition of a measure |
| complexity | arranging ideas from simple to more complex |
| ad hominem | a group of argumentation strategies that focus on the person making an argument rather than their viewpoint |
Created by:
ameliah21