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Lipid Lowering Drugs

QuestionAnswer
What type of cholesterol is "healthy cholesterol"? High Density Lipoproteins (HDLs)
What is another name for Statin Drugs? HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors
What are three examples of Statin Drugs? 1. atorvastatin (Lipitor), 2. simvastatin (Zocor), 3. Crestor
What are the therapeutic effects of Statin Drugs? decrease risk of M.I., CAD, and stroke
How do Statins work? Statins decrease the functions of HMG CoA reductase, the enzyme that performs the final step in cholesterol synthesis. Decreased cholesterol causes more LDL receptors to appear in the liver, and HDL brings back more bad cholesterol from the tissues.
List drug reactions that can occur with statin drugs. Statin drugs are metabolized by CYP450 enzymes. Therefore CYP450 enzyme inhibitors such as grapefruit juice, erythromycin, and some antifungals can cause statin toxicity.
What side effects do Statin Drugs cause? GI symptoms, Myopathy (Myalgia and Myositis), and Hepatotoxicity
What is Myositis? Muscle pain that does not go away and gets worse. It can cause muscles to rupture, releasing myoglobin, which then clogs the glomerulus and causes acute renal failure (Rhabdomyolysis)
What assessments should be completed prior to Statin Therapy? Liver function tests (ALT & AST), pregnancy test, LDL value
What labs should be monitored during Statin Therapy? Liver function, and CPK (creatinine phosphokinase) which is released when muscles rupture
Are statins safe during pregnancy? No, they are category X
When are Statins typically taken? Why? In the evening because most body cholesterol is produced at night
Are Bile Acid Sequestrants locally or systemically absorbed? They are locally absorbed in the GI tract
How do Bile Acid Sequestrants work? They cause the liver to use excess cholesterol
Give examples of Bile Acid Sequestrants. Welchol (colesevelam)
List side effects of Bile Acid Sequestrants GI symptoms, Bowel Obstruction (characterized by increased abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, severe constipation)
What drug interactions can occur with Bile Acid Sequestrants? BASs will bind to many drugs and as a result not be absorbed. They will decrease the absorption of vitamins D,K,A, and E,. BAS should be taken an hour before other meds or 4 hours after.
How do Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors work? Prevent cholesterol and triglycerides from being absorbed
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors are often combined with which other lipid lowering drug? statins
Give two examples of Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors Zetia (ezetimmibe), Vytorin
When Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors are given with Statins, the risk of what side effect increases? Hepatotoxicity
What are Nicotinic Acid Derivatives used for? mixed hyperlipidemia (high TGs and LDL, and low HDL)
Name examples of Nicotinic Acid Derivatives Niaspan, Slo-Niacin, Nicotinamide, Niacor, and Nicolar
Name two examples of sustained release Nicotinic Acid Derivatives. Niaspan, Slo-Niacin
Name three examples of non-sustained release Nicotinic Acid Derivatives. Nicotinamide, Niacor, Nicolar
What is a common complication of sustained Nicotinic Acid Derivatives therapy? Hepatotoxicity
What are the side effects of Nicotinic Acid Derivatives? GI symptoms, increased symptoms of PUD, Hyperglycemia, Flushing, burning, and itching of skin, worsening of gout, hepatotoxicity
How can the flushing, burning, and itching of the skin that sometimes occurs with Nicotinic Acid Derivative therapy be prevented? Give one aspirin 30 prior to administering niacin
How do Fibric Acid Derivatives work? decrease the production of triglycerides and increase their breakdown in the liver
What are Fibric Acid Derivatives used for? hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and prophylactically for CAD
List side effects associated with Fibric Acid Derivatives. GI symptoms, Gallstones (cholelithiasis), Myalgia & Myositis, Hepatoxicity
The complications of myalgia, myositis, and hepatoxicity increase when Fibric acid derivatives are combined with which medications? niacin and statins
What home remedies can reduce cholesterol? Fish oil, garlic
Created by: aleciajohnson
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