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Mutations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mutation | an accidental or random change in the nitrogen bases of DNA |
| Point Mutation (Substitution) | one nucleotide in DNA is replaced with a different nucleotide |
| Frameshift Mutation | mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide |
| Insertion Mutation | a mutation in which one or more nucleotides are added to DNA |
| Deletion Mutation | a mutation in which one or more nucleotides are removed from DNA |
| Chromosome | DNA organized and wound up into a larger structure (often x shaped, but sometimes rod shaped) |
| Chromosomal Mutation | a change in the structure of a chromosome (deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation) |
| Chromosomal Deletion | a segment of a chromosome is removed resulting in loss of genes |
| Chromosomal Duplication | A segment of the chromosome is repeated resulting in extra copies of chromosome segments |
| Chromosomal Inversion | A segment of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches in reverse order |
| Chromosomal Translocation | A segment of one chromosome breaks off and is swapped/reattached with a different chromosome |
| Gene | A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait |
| Transcription | synthesis of an mRNA molecule from a DNA template occurring in the nucleus |
| Translation | mRNA is read at the ribosome and an amino acid chain is produced |
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