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Fetal Genitourinary
Ultrasound Fetal Genitourinay Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is renal agenesis? | - absence of kidneys - uni or bi- lateral |
| What is bilateral renal agenesis? | - absence of both kidneys - incompatible with life - severe oligo, small thorax, pulmonary hypoplasia - adrenals may be enlarged - check baldder - male incidence |
| What is unilateral renal agenesis? | - absence of one kidney - size of single kidney may be larger in order to compensate - may not affect AFI levels - check for pelvic kidney, etc. - check bladder |
| What is classic Potter's Sequence? | - bilateral renal agenesis - pulmonary hypoplasia - abnormal facial features -malformed hands or feet |
| What are the classifications of Potter's Sequence? | - Type 1: ARPKD - Type 2: MCKD - Type 3: ADPKD - Type 4: obstructive cystic dysplastic disease |
| What is ARPKD? | - infantile autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease - always bilateral - enlarged echogenic kidneys with NO visible cysts - oligo - no bladder depending on severity |
| What is MCKD? | - multicystic dysplastic kidney - renal tissue is displaced by visible various sized cysts - creates a nonfunctioning kidney - usually unilateral (norm AFI) - can be bilateral (oligo & fatal) - non genetic, sporadic |
| What is ADPKD? | - autosomal dominant adult polycystic kidney disease - can appear normal in utero: after 28 weeks a small % of cases can show cysts - manifests in adulthood (3rd or 4th decade) |
| What is obstructive cystic dysplasia? | - glomerulocystic kidneys - medullary cystic disease |
| What is hydronephrosis? | - most common fetal anomaly - dilation of the renal pelvis due to obstruction - >7mm AP after 28 weeks indicates obstruction |
| What is UPJ obstruction? | - ureteropelvic junction obstruction - most common reason for hydronephrosis without a hydroureter - can cause complete or partial obstruction - can be uni or bi- lateral - the earlier the diagnosis = better prognosis - normal AFI |
| What is UVJ obstruction? | - ureterovesical junction obstruction (ureter to bladder) - can be uni or bi- lateral - associated with dilated renal pelvis AND ureter - megaureter: dilated ureter |
| What is PUV obstruction? | - posterior urethral valve obstruction - dilation of the renal calyces, hydroureter, bladder, and posterior urethra - MALES only - keyhole sing - oligo - treatment: catheter to drain into amniotic cavity |
| What is urethral atresia? | - similar findings as PUV - bladder distention - occurs in FEMALES - less common |
| What is prune belly syndrome? | - eagle barrett syndrome - urethral obstruction malformation syndrome - agenesis of the abdominal wall musculature causing severe distention of bladder (> PUV) - oligo. bilat hydro, ascites, pulmonary hypoplasia, testes undescended - poor prognosis |
| What are 3 developmental abnormalities? | 1. ectopic kidneys 2. cross renal ectopia 3. horseshoe kidney |
| What is hermaphrodites? | - both ovaries AND testes present - typically remove one |
| What is ambiguous genitalia? | - enlarged labia (female) resembles male |
| What is guevedoces? | - born male but look female - grow penis around age 12 at onset of puberty |
Created by:
lyager
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