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objective 22
genitourinary system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and category? | bactrim,septra : urinary antibacterial |
| ciprofloxacin and category? | cipro : urinary antibacterial |
| phenazopyridine and category? | pyridine : urinary analgesic |
| terazosin and category? | hytrin : tx BPH : alpha-one blockers |
| doxazosin and category? | cardura : tx BPH : alpha-one blockers |
| epoetin alfa and category? | epogen,procrit [EPO] : hematopoietics |
| oxybutynin and category? | ditropan,oxytrol : tx over active bladder : anti muscarinics |
| bethanechol and category? | tx urine retention: cholinergics |
| describe the basic composition of urine | *h20 + dissolved substances *wastes: nitrogenous * excess electrolytes * drugs & or metabolites |
| what is micturition? | voiding |
| define genitourinary | pertaining to the genital and urinary system |
| define peristalsis | The rippling motion of muscles in the digestive tract. In the stomach, this motion mixes food with gastric juices, turning it into a thin liquid |
| define enuresis | bed wetting |
| define cystitis and causes? | inflammation of the bladder. honeymoon syndrome |
| drugs that end in AZOSIN are in what category? | alpha-one blockers |
| drugs that end in ASTERIDE are what category? | testosterone blockers |
| drugs that end in AFIL are in what category? | ED |
| define B.U.N | Blood urea nitrogen. A measure primarily of the urea level in blood. Urea is cleared by the kidney and diseases which compromises the function of the kidney will frequently lead to increased blood levels. The blood BUN level can also rise in patients who |
| define GFR | glomerular filtration rate |
| define SG | urine specific gravity |
| define nephritis | inflammation of the kidneys |
| define pyelonephritis | inflammation of the adrenal pelvis. containing pus. |
| define prostatitis | inflammation of the prostate |
| define dysuria | difficulty urinating |
| define urgency | desire to urine |
| define hematuria | blood in urine |
| UTI to treat the infection and cautions & prevention? | "sulfa" drugs. CAUTION: allergy, crystals may form in urine! PREVENTION: 1. drink lots of water 2. avoid ACIDS |
| UTI to treat the pain and cautions? | phenazopyridine (pyridium) CAUTIONS: will not cure the infection and urine will turn orange-red |
| Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy/Hyperplasty aka BPH causes, diagnosis, symptoms?? | caused by: high dihydrotestosterone (usually in older male patients) diagnosis: PSA, blood test, rectal digital exam Symptoms: hesitancy, nocturia(urinating at night), hematuria |
| TransUrethral Resection of the Prostate aka TURP: | cut up in through the urethra |
| define ED and the treatments? | erectile dysfunction tx: drugs that end in ENAFIL |
| define nephrolithiasis and tx? | kidney stones tx: no cure! only narcotics to ease pain |
| define renal calculus and causes? | kidney stones caused by uric waste |
| define IVP | Intravenous Pyelogram |
| define urostomy | surgical opening |
| define KUB | kidney . ureter . bladder |
| define VCUG | voiding . cysto . urethro . gram |
| define lithotripsy | crush kidney stones with shock wave, then urinate them out! |
| what do the kidney functions do? | purify the blood. excretion of dissolved substances such as nitrogenous wastes, electrolytes, drugs and or metabolites, toxins |
| part 1 of kidneys, you want to maintain homeostasis. define Homeostasis | the process of maintaining a natural balance or equilibrium. equally intake and outtake of water. electrolyte balance. acid-base balance. |
| part 2 of kidneys, you want to maintain blood pressure. explain BP regulation | *plasma volume: urine goes up. plasma goes down. *blood vessel diameter: dilation BP goes down, contract BP goes up. *cardiac output heart goes up. blood pressure goes up. |
| part 3 of kidneys, produce Erythropoietin. | produce red blood cells. EPO- red blood cells ONLY. |
| Chronic Renal Insufficinecy (CRI) | due to chronic kidney diease (CKD) caused by diabetes, HTN |
| Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) aka (ESRD) symptoms? treatment? | oliguria(low production of urine), anuria(cant pee), uremia(high amount of urea), anemia treatment: kidney transplant or replace all kidney functions 1. cleanse blood 2. maintain homeostasis. put patient on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis 3. BP regula |
| define hemodialysis | filtering through a machine plates |
| define peritoneal dialysis | filtering through a IV |
| 3 step process of making urine | 1. filter blood(glomerulus) 2. reabsorb(renal tubule & collecting tubule) 3. secrete acids(distal tubule) |
| define glomerulus | In the kidney, a tiny ball-shaped structure composed of capillary blood vessels actively involved in the filtration of the blood to form urine. does not filter plasma or protein |
| define ADH(anti-diuretic hormone) | A relatively small (peptide) molecule that is released by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain after being made nearby (in the hypothalamus). ADH has an antidiuretic action that prevents the production of dilute urine (and so is antidiuretic). |
| what are diuretics | water pills |
| abbreviations: GU, TURP, TURB, BPH, PSA, ED, UTI, BUN, CrCl/CCr, I&O, pH, BP, ACE, ARB, EPO, CKD, CRF/ESRD, GFR, ADH, SG, UA, IVP, KUB, VCUG, ICP, PE, CHF, ALD, PMS, IOP | |
| word elements: oligo- glyco- noct-/noc- glyco- -tripsy -uria azo- -pexy |
Created by:
miszexplicit
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