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physical science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | the basic particle from which all elements are made; the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element |
| boil | the change in state from a liquid to a gas |
| condense | the change in state from a gas to a liquid |
| evaporate | the process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to a gas |
| freeze | the temperature at which a liquid freezes |
| gas | a state of matter with no definite shape or volume |
| inert | having little or no ability to react |
| kinetic energy | energy that an object has due to its motion |
| liquid | a state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| melt | the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid |
| molecule | a neutral group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| particle | smallest possible unit of matter |
| particle motion | ways in which atoms, ions, or molecules move |
| phase | a physically distinctive form of matter, such as a solid, liquid, or gas |
| phase change | a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition |
| pressure | the physical force exerted on an object |
| pure substance | a substance made of only one kind of matter and having definite properties |
| solid | a state of matter that has a definite shape and volume |
| system | a group of parts that work together as a whole |
| temperature | a measure of the average energy of motion of all particles of a substance |
| thermal energy | the total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles of an object |
| vapor | gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or a solid at room temperature |
| conduction | the transfer thermal energy from one object to another |
| convection | the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of fluid |
| radiation | the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |