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Psych Ch 13 Vocab
Psychological Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| biological model of psychological disorders | view that psychological disorders have a biochemical or physiological basis |
| psychoanalytic model of psychological disorders | view that psychological orders result from unconscious internal conflicts |
| cognitive-behavioral model of psychological disorders | view that psychological disorders result from learning maladaptive ways of thinking and behaving |
| diathesis-stress model of psychological disorders | view that people biologically predisposed to a mental disorder (those with a certain diathesis) will tend to exhibit that disorder when particularly affected by stress |
| diathesis | biological predisposition |
| systems approach to psychological disorders | view that biological, psychological, and social risk factors combine to produce psychological disorders; also known as the biopsychosocial model of psychological disorders |
| mood disorders | disturbances in mood or prolonged emotional state |
| depression | a mood disorder characterized by overwhelming feelings of sadness, lack of interest in activities, and perhaps excessive guilt or feelings or worthlessness |
| psychotic | marked by defective or lost contact with reality |
| mania | a mood disorder characterized by euphoric states, extreme physical activity, excessive talkativeness, distractedness, and sometimes grandiosity |
| bipolar disorder | a mood disorder in which periods of mania and depression alternate, sometimes with periods of normal mood intervening |
| cognitive distortions | an illogical and maladaptive response to early negative life events that leads to feelings of incompetence and unworthiness that are reactivated whenever a new situation arises that resembles the original events |
| anxiety disorders | disorders in which anxiety is a characteristic feature of the avoidance of anxiety seems to motivate abnormal behavior |
| specific phobia | anxiety disorder characterized by intense, paralyzing fear of something |
| social phobia | an anxiety disorder that involves multiple, intense fear of crowds, public places, and other situations that require separation from a source of security such as the home |
| agoraphobia | an anxiety disorder that involves multiple, intense fear of crowds, public places, and other situations that require separation from a source of security such as the home |
| panic disorder | an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks in which the person suddenly experiences intense fear or terror without any reasonable cause |
| generalized anxiety disorder | an anxiety disorder characterized by prolonged vague but intense fears that are not attached to any particular object or circumstance |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) | an anxiety disorder in which a person feels driven to think disturbing thoughts and/or to perform senseless rituals |
| psychosomatic disorders | disorders in which there is real physical illness that is largely caused by psychological factors such as stress and anxiety |
| somatoform disorders | disorders in which there is an apparent physical illness for which there is not organic basis |
| somatization disorder | a somatoform disorder characterized by recurrent vague somatic complaints without a physical cause |
| conversion disorders | somatoform disorders in which a dramatic specific disability has no physical cause but instead seems related to psychological problems |
| hypochondriasis | a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets insignificant symptoms as signs of serious illness in the absence of any organic evidence of such illness |
| body dysmorphic disorder | a somatoform disorder in which a person becomes so preoccupied with his or her imagines ugliness that normal life is impossible |
| dissociative disorders | disorders in which some aspect of the personality seems separated from the rest |
| dissociative amnesia | a dissociative disorder characterized by loss of memory for past events without organic cause |
| dissociative fugue | a dissociative disorder that involves flight from home and the assumption of a new identity, with amnesia for past identity and events |
| dissociatve identity disorder | a dissociative disorder in which a person has several distinct personalities that emerge at different times |
| depersonalization disorder | a dissociative disorder whose essential feature is that the person suddenly feels changed or different in a strange way |
| sexual dysfunction | loss or impairment of the ordinary physical responses of sexual function |
| erectile disorder/erectile dysfunction (ED) | the inability of a man to achieve or maintain an erection |
| female sexual arousal disorder | the inability of a woman to become sexually aroused or to reach orgasm |
| sexual desire disorders | disorders in which the person lacks sexual interest or has an active distaste for sex |
| orgasm | peaking of sexual pleasure and release of sexual tension |
| orgasmic disorders | inability to reach orgasm in a person able to experience sexual desire and maintain arousal |
| premature ejaculation | inability of a man to inhibit orgasm as long as desired |
| vaginismus | involuntary muscle spasms in the outer part of the vagina that make intercourse impossible |
| paraphilias | sexual disorders in which unconventional objects or situations cause sexual arousal |
| fetishism | a paraphilia in which a nonhuman object is the preferred or exclusive method of achieving sexual excitement |
| voyeurism | desire to watch others having sexual relations or to spy on nude people |
| exhibitionism | compulsion to expose one's genitals in public to achieve sexual arousal |
| frotteurism | compulsion to achieve sexual arousal by touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person in public situations |
| transvestic fetishism | wearing the clothes of the opposite sex to achieve sexual gratification |
| sexual sadism | obtaining sexual gratification from humiliating or physically harming a sex partner |
| sexual masochism | inability to enjoy sex without accompanying emotional or physical pain |
| pedophilia | desire to have sexual relations with children as the preferred or exclusive method of achieving sexual excitement |
| gender-identity disorders | disorders that involve the desire to become, or the insistence that one really is, a member of the other biological sex |
| gender-identity disorder in children | rejection of one's biological gender in childhood, along with the clothing an behavior society considers appropriate to that gender |
| personality disorders | disorders in which inflexible and maladaptive ways of thinking and behaving learned early in life cause distress to the person and/or conflicts with others |
| schizoid personality disorder | personality disorder in which a person is withdrawn and lacks feelings for others |
| paranoid personality disorder | personality disorder in which the person is inappropriately suspicious and mistrustful of others |
| dependent personality disorder | personality disorder in which the person is unable to make choices and decisions independently and cannot tolerate being alone |
| avoidant personality disorder | personality disorder in which the person's fears of rejection by others leads to social isolation |
| narcissistic personality disorder | personality disorder in which the person has an exaggerated sense of self-importance and needs constant admiration |
| borderline personality disorder | personality disorder characterized by marked instability in self-image, mood, and interpersonal relationships |
| antisocial personality disorder | personality disorder that involves a pattern of violent, criminal, or unethical and exploitative behavior and an inability to feel affection for others |
| schizophrenic disorders | severe disorders in which there are disturbances of thoughts, communications, and emotions, including delusions and hallucinations |
| insanity | legal term for mentally disturbed people who are not considered responsible for their criminal actions |
| hallucinations | sensory experiences in the absence of external stimulation |
| delusions | false beliefs about reality that have no basis in fact |
| disorganized schizophrenia | schizophrenic disorder in which bizarre and childlike behaviors are common |
| catatonic schizophrenia | schizophrenic disorder in which disturbed motor behavior is prominent |
| paranoid schizophrenia | schizophrenic disorder marked by extreme suspiciousness and complex, bizarre delusions |
| undifferentiated schizophrenia | schizophrenic disorder in which there are clear schizophrenic symptoms that don't meet the criteria for another subtype of the disorder |
| attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) | a childhood disorder characterized by inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity |
| psychostimulants | drugs that increase ability to focus attention in children with AD/HD |
| autistic disorder | a childhood disorder characterized by a lack of social instincts and strange motor behavior |
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