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Psych Ch 12 Vocab
Stress and Health Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| stress | a state of psychological tension or strain |
| adjustment | any effort to cope with stress |
| health psychology | a subfield of psychology concerned with the relationship between psychological factors and physical health and illness |
| stressors | the events or circumstances that trigger stress |
| pressure | a feeling that one must speed up, intensify, or change the direction of one's behavior or live up to a higher standard of performance |
| frustration | the feeling that occurs when a person is prevented from reaching a goal |
| conflict | simultaneous existence of incompatible demands, opportunities, needs, or goals |
| approach/approach conflict | according to Lewin, the result of simultaneous attraction to two appealing possibilities, neither of which has negative qualities |
| avoidance/avoidance conflict | according to Lewin, the result of facing a choice between two undesirable possibilities, neither of which has any negative qualities |
| approach/avoidance qualities | according to Lewin, the result of being simultaneously attracted to and repelled by the same goal |
| cope | make cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage psychological stress |
| confrontation | acknowledging a stressful situation directly and attempting to find a solution to the problem or attain the difficult goal |
| compromise | deciding on a more realistic solution or gial when an ideal solution or goal is not practical |
| withdrawal | avoiding a situation when other forms of coping are not practical |
| defense mechanisms | self-deceptive techniques for reducing stress, including denial, repression, projection, identification, regression, intellectualization, reaction formation, displacement, and sublimation |
| denial | refusal to acknowledge a painful or threatening reality |
| repression | excluding uncomfortable thoughts, feelings, and desires from consciousness |
| projection | attributing one's own repressed motives, feelings, or wishes to others |
| identification | taking on the characteristics of someone else to avoid feeling incompetent |
| regression | reverting to childlike behavior and defenses |
| intellectualization | thinking abstractly about stressful problems as a way of detaching oneself from them |
| reaction formation | expression of exaggerated ideas and emotions that are the opposite of one's repressed beliefs or feelings |
| displacement | shifting repressed motives and emotions from an original object to a substitute object |
| sublimation | redirecting repressed motives in more socially acceptable channels |
| general adaptation syndrome (GAS) | according to Selye, the three stages the body passes through as it adapts to stress: alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion |
| psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) | a field that studies the interaction between stress on the one hand and immune, endocrine, and nervous system activity on the other |
| post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | psychological disorder characterized by episodes of anxiety, sleeplessness, and nightmares resulting from some disturbing event in the past |
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