Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Oceanography Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When do spring tides occur? | when the moon is new or full |
| What is the most common tidal pattern? | mixed tides |
| Water flowing out of an inclosed basin due to tides is called | ebb current |
| A tide pattern of one high and one low each day | diurnal tides |
| amphidromic point | a "no tide" point in the coean around which the tide crest rotates through one tidal zone |
| Why does the moon have more of an effect on tides than the sun? | it is closer |
| A tide pattern with two high tides and two low tides each day | mixed tide |
| The engergy that drives the longshore currents | wind waves approaching the beach front at an angle |
| The number of waves that pass a fixed point per second | wave frequency |
| A current meter measures water | speed and direction |
| Air moves away from | high pressure |
| Air moves toward | low pressure |
| Winds blowing from the South in the North hemisphere will appear to be deflected in which direction? | to the east |
| a coastal wind blows from North to South in CA and causes | surface transport offshore and upwelling |
| Water particles in a deep water wave move | in circular orbits |
| In shallow water, the motion of water particles | is a back and forth motion near the bottom |
| wave height | the distance measured from crest to trough of a wave |
| fetch | the distance over which wind blows without interuption |
| wave period | time required for two successive wave crests to pass a fixed point |
| flood tidal currents occur when? | when tides are coming in |
| cotidal points join where? | points at which high tide occurs at the same time of day |
| The fastest and deepest large scale ocean surface currents are: | western boundary currents |
| Tropopause | minimum temperature in the atmosphere occurs at an approximate altitude of 12 KM |
| The seafloor remains below sea level because | the continental lithosphere is thicker and less dense t han oceanic lithosphere |
| Where is the oceanic lithosphere destroyed? | subduction zones |
| sound energy | used to probe the layering of sediments in the sea bed |
| low energy environments are most likely to contain | clay |
| What property changes rapidly across a thermocline | temperature |
| JAWS | a scary wave break in Maui HI |
| MODE scientists observed what? | high and low water pressures in the deep ocean |
| Niskin Bottles | trap water at certain depths |
| What is the most abundant constituent of sea water? | Chloride |
| Where does sea floor spreading occur? | mid ocean ridges |
| Principle of Constant Proportions | relative concentrations of major salts in sea water do not vary |
| Oceanography is customarily divided into which four categories? | physical, geological, chemical, biological |
| Name the four principle oceans on Earth | Atlantic, Artic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans |
| In 119, who was the leader of a voyage to sail around the world? | Ferdinand Magellan |
| The firs tcrossing of the rtic Ocean, by using a thick hull designed to withstand ice forces, was achieved by what vessel? | Fram |
| Why did the Earth sperate into layers? | because earth is composed of materials of differing densities |
| How old are Earth's Oceans? | 4 billion years |
| What did Wegener use to support his hypothesis of continental drift? | age of continental rocks, fit of continental shorelines, positions of mountain ranges, distributions of fossils |
| What is the relationship between Earth's geographic and magnetic North poles? | The magnetic North Pole wobbles and switches hemispheres, but the geographic North Pole remains fixed |
| Faulting | responsible for formation of rift valleys in the mid ocean ridges |
| Worlds ocean basins are on average a depth of | 4000 m |
| Why do Hawaiian Islands get progressively older as one moves west northwest away from the Big Island of Hawaii? | The pacific place is moving west northwest over a mantle plume that originates below the lithosphere |
| Which of Earth's layers is the thinnest? | crust |
| What do the relatively flat areas on the hypsometric curve represent? | some interior continental areas, coastal plains and abyssal plains |
| High energy environments are most likely to contain what sediment type? | gravel |
| What sediment is not lithogenous? | Siliceous ooze |
| Which surface sediment cover is unlikely to be found on abyssal plains? | calcareous ooze |
| Hermatypic Corals | live in colonies, build reefs, live in tropical climates |
| Ahermatypic Corals | do not form reefs, found all over the world, can be found in deep water |
| An oceanic trench is associated with which type of plate boundary? | Convergent |
| Which of the following is associated with a subduction zone? | A volcanic arc |
| The San Andreas Fault is associated with which type of plate boundary? | Transform |
| Along which of the following would you NOT expect to find active volcanic activity | continental collision zone |
| Which tropical islands would likely be the youngest? | tropical island without a fringing reef |
| What best describes the tectonic setting of the Cascade Mountains of the Pacific Northwest? | subduction zone |
| Overall, the Atlantic Ocean basin is ________ and the Pacific Ocean basin is ________. | Growing; Shrinking |
| When two continental plates converge | neither subducts; instead, a mountain range forms |
| Plate boundaries where new lithosphere is being added along a mid-oceanic ridge are called | divergent boundaries |
| As one moves away from the axis of a mid-ocean ridge, the | lithosphere thickens. |
| Of the following, which is defined as the portion of the shore that extends from the low-tide shoreline to the low-tide breaker line | nearshore |
| Normally, beaches would have the greatest amount of sand on the berm near the end of | summer |
| During periods of very heavy wave activity | the berm shrinks and the longshore bar grows |
| Submerging shorelines commonly exhibit | drowned river valleys |
| Along the West Coast of the U.S., longshore transport generally moves ________, and on the East Coast of the U.S., longshore transport generally moves ________. | south, south |
| True or False? Beach nourishment is the establishment of coastal structures that prevent the movement of sand downstream. | False |
| Where does most of the sand involved in longshore transport in beach compartments eventually end up? | down submarine canyons |
| Which coast would most likely experience the LEAST amount of shoreline retreat related to a one-meter rise in sea level? | West Coast U.S. |
| which type of hard stabilization is not man made? | Spits |
| Which longshore drift management technique was implemented at Santa Monica, California, before the breakwater was destroyed? | Sand was dredged from behind (inshore of) the breakwater. |
| What does Runoff flowing into coastal waters not produce.. | dry, offshore winds |
| An example of a coastal plain estuary is | Chesapeake Bay. |
| A fjord is a type of estuary that was created by | submergence of a glacially-carved valley |
| which type of estuarie,has the best developed "estuarine circulation pattern | a highly-stratified estuary |
| what is not true about Mediterranean Intermediate Water | it is composed of low salinity water. |
| what is NOT true about coastal wetlands? | They have very low productivities. |
| True or False? Mangroves grow in latitudes as high as 65 degrees north or south of the equator | False |
| True or False? By law, storm drains now divert flow into treatment facilities, not to the ocean as they once did. | False |
| True or False? Toxins often accumulate and concentrate from organism to organism up marine food chains | True |
| True or False? Although the effects of DDT on the environment were devastating, they have long since disappeared | False |
| True or False? It is still legal to dump raw sewage into the ocean in the U.S. | False |
| True or False? "Non-point-source pollution” includes large oil spills caused by ocean tankers. | False |
| Based on the World Heath Organization's definition of marine pollution, which would not be considered pollution (provided that the item results in harmful effects | "natural pollution" such as piles of dead seaweed at the beach. |
| Years after the oil spill from the Exxon Valdez, ecological recovery has largely taken place because | most substances that comprise oil are naturally biodegradable. |
| Bioremediation.... | is a method of oil cleanup that uses microbes to break down oil |
| Other than the oil spilled intentionally by the Iraqi army during their invasion of Kuwait in 1991, the world's largest oil spill was from | the blowout of the Ixtoc #1 oil well in the Bay of Campeche, Mexico (1979). |
| What is the source of the majority of human-caused marine oil pollution | From consumers who use it. |
| Which kingdom of organisms lack nuclei? | Monera |
| which grouping is the most inclusive (contains the greatest number of species)? | Phylum |
| What percentage of marine species live in or on the ocean floor | 98% |
| Organisms that are plankton in their juvenile stage but become nekton or benthos in their adult stage are called | meroplankton |
| True or False? Diffusion is a process that involves passing particles or molecules from areas of low particle concentration to high particle concentration. | False |
| True or False? The increasing pressure with depth in the oceans has a significant impact on most marine organisms | False |
| Organisms that can tolerate only a narrow range of salinity conditions are said to be | stenohaline |
| Dead and decaying organic matter, including waste products, is called | detritus |
| what is the correct order of benthic environments, going from shallow water to deep ocean depths? | Littoral, Sublittoral, Bathyal, Abyssal, Hadal |
Created by:
kbm0401
Popular Physical Science sets