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PSYCH - LEARNING

QuestionAnswer
the permanent change in behavior that results from experience Learning
the stimulus which naturally triggers an involuntary response prior to conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
stimulus which has no effect on a response that is desired Neutral Stimulus (NS)
a formerly neutral stimulus that becomes associated with an UCS through the process of conditioning Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
a reflexive response to a stimulus that is conditioned Conditioned Response (CR)
Important Principles (1) CS must come before UCS (2) CS and UCS must be contiguous (3) NS must be paired with the UCS several times (4)CS must be distinctive
the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original CS Generalization
when the subject stops responding to a similar elicitor, and only reacts with the CS that was originally learned Discrimination
when the learned association between CS and CR gradually dissipates Extinction
emotional responses that became classically conditioned with learned stimuli Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)
classical conditioning of a reflex response through observation of another person's reaction Vicarious Conditioning
the tendency of animals to learn association with only short pairings Biological Preparedness
Pavlov's explanation to classical condition: It works because conditioned stimuli produces similar neural activity in the brain if it is successfully paired in the acquisition process Stimulus Substitution
if a response is followed by something pleasurable, it tends to be repeated; conversely, if it is followed by something unpleasant, it tends to be refrained Law of Effect
stimulus that increases the frequency of a response, if it is contiguous with it Reinforcement
a reinforcer that works by satiating a basic, biological requirement such as hunger Primary Reinforcer
a reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer Secondary Reinforcer
reinforcement by the addition of pleasurable stimuli Positive Reinforcement
reinforcement of a response by the removal of unpleasurable stimuli Negative Reinforcement
reinforcing basic steps in a complicated series of behaviors Shaping
basic stages of goal-oriented behavior that leads to successful accomplishment of an intended object or event Successive Approximation
tendency of a response to become resistant to extinction Partial Reinforcement Effect
schedule of reinforcement where the number of responses required for reinforcement is constant Fixed Ratio Schedule
schedule of reinforcement where the number of responses required for reinforcement is different for each event Variable Ratio Schedule
schedule of reinforcement where the interval of the time that passes before another reinforcement is constant Fixed Interval Schedule
schedule of reinforcement in which the interval of time that passes before another reinforcement is different for each event Variable Interval Schedule
an event that makes a response less likely, after following it Punishment
tendency for animal behavior to revert to genetically controlled patterns Instinctive Drift
behavior modification where desired behavior is rewarded with tokens Token Economy
skills are simplified into basic steps, and taught through an elaborate system of reinforcement Applied Behavior Analysis
using feedback of biological states to bring about involuntary responses, with voluntary control Biofeedback
a type of biofeedback that uses brain-imaging devices to provide feedback about the brain's activity, to try and change behavior Neurofeedback
type of learning that remains hidden until its application is useful Latent Learning
tendency to fail to act from a situation due to a history of repeated failures Learned Helplessness
sudden perception of relationships among various parts of a problem, allowing a quick way out of a solution Insight
learning new behavior by watching a model perform Observational Learning
to learn anything at all through observation, the learner shoukd pay attention to a model Attention
the learner must also be able to retain the actions Memory
the learner must be capable of reproducing the action of a model Imitation
the learner must have the desire to perform the action Motivation
Created by: user-1766340
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