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S-P (Hearing )
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hearing | Sounds formed by the rapid vibrating of air, causing a pattern of compression and expansion known as sound waves |
| Amplitude | loudness |
| frequency | pitch (measured in Hertz) |
| Outer ear | -Pinna: outer flap and cartilage that receives sound waves - auditory canal |
| Middle Ear | - Eardrum/Tympanic membrane: piece of skin stretched over entrance to ear; vibrates to sound - Hammer, Anvil, and Stirrup: 3 bones that transfer sound waves to cochlea - also called the ossicles - Eustachian Tube: tube connecting throat & mouth to ear |
| Inner ear | - Cochlea : filled with fluid and small hairs that vibrate to incoming sounds - basilar membrane: runs through the cochlea; hair cells are attached to - Semi- circular canals: helps with balance |
| Nerve deafness/sensorineural | - Damage to hair cells or auditory nerve - cannot be helped by hearing aid - can be caused by loud sounds |
| Conduction Deafness | - If hammer, anvil, stirrup are damaged or become brittle(age) - can be helped by hearing aid - amplifies sound |
| Place Theory | - Different frequencies cause larger vibrations at different locations along the basilar membrane -Helps with higher pitch sounds- higher pitch sounds are interpreted based on where hair cells are most active |
| Frequency Theory | -Basilar membrane vibrates at the same frequency as the sound wave - can explain low frequency sounds-not high, due to the limit in the speed which neurons can fire |
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