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S-P (vision)
Sensation and perception study stack for AP Psych
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sensation | The process of receiving stimuli from the environment Each sensory system is comprised of sensory cells called the receptors |
| Transduction | Conversion of one form of energy into another: sensory receptors are biological transductors |
| Cornea | -transparent protective outer coating- works with the lens to collect and focus light |
| Iris | controls the amount of light that enters the eye |
| pupil | the opening of the eye |
| lens | focus the incoming light into the retina |
| retina | the photoreceptive portion of the eye |
| rods | 100million/eye light sensitive back & white night vision |
| cones | 6.5million/eye right light color details |
| Macula | central point of retina that provides sharp, central vision |
| Fovea | center of the macula, contains only cones. Sharpest point of vision in the eye. ( cones are densely packed here- rods are located in the periphery of the retina) |
| Bipolar cells | Connects the rods and cones to the ganglion cells |
| Ganglion cells | Neurons in the retina that gather information from receptor cells, their axons make up the optic nerve |
| Optic nerve | leads to the thalamus and then the occipital lobe of the brain. |
| Accommodation | The process of curving the lens to project images into the retina |
| Dark adaptation | process by which visual receptors become as sharp as they can. |
| Feature detectors | cells in the visual cortex that are sensitive to specific features ( horizontal, vertical, and angled lines |
| Color constancy | the color of familiar objects keep their color even if the light around it changes |
| Trichromatic Theory | All colors of light are made up of the colors red(long), green(med), and blue(short). The retina contains only three different types of cones |
| opponent process | As the visual image leave the receptor cells, we analyze it in terms of 3 sets of opposing colors ( Red-green, Blue-yellow, Black-white) |
| cortical visual impairment | temporary or permanent loss caused by disturbance in visual pathway or occipital lobe |
| cataracts | clouding of the lens |
| Retinopathy | abnormal vessels in the lens- can be due to diabetes or connected to prematurity |
| Glaucoma | excess pressure causes structural damage |
| Macular Degeneration | breakdown of the retina |
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