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PSYCH - SENSATION
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| It is the process of our sensory organs taking in physical energy from the world around us and transforming it into neurological impulses that our brain then interprets as the 5 SENSES. | Sensation |
| What are the 5 basic senses? | Sight, Smell, Hearing, Touch, Taste |
| What is the flow? | Sensory Info -> Sensory Receptor -> Sensation |
| These are specialized neurons within the sensory organs that detect and respond to specific types of external stimuli from the surrounding environment | Sensory Receptors |
| The conversion of stimulus energy into an action potential by a sensory receptor is known as __________. | Transduction |
| It is a detectable input from the environment. | Stimuli |
| It refers to the minimum amount of stimulus energy that must be present for the stimulus to be detected 50% of the time. | Absolute Threshold |
| It is the minimum required difference between two stimuli for a person to notice change 50% of the time. | Difference Threshold |
| This is a decline in receptor activity due to constant and unchanging stimuli picked up by the 5 senses. | Sensory Adaptation |
| It is the sensory analysis at the entry level that solely focuses on incoming sensory data and requires no previous knowledge or experience. | Bottom-Up Processing |
| What are the 5 systems? | Visual System Auditory System Olfactory System Gustatory System Somatosensory System |
| It is commonly known as the "'white part" of the eye, it provides both protection and structure. | Sclera |
| It is the specialized, transparent portion of the sclera through which light enters through and is referacted and focused | Cornea |
| It is the pigmented muscle that gives the eye its distinct color and responsible for regulating the size of the pupil | Iris |
| It is the opening of the iris which dilates under dim conditions to let more light in or constricts to under intense light | Pupil |
| It is the transparent, shape-changing convex structure that transmits and focuses light onto the retina | Lens |
| It is a thin layer of tissue that lines the back of the eye, containing photoreceptors that convert light into neural signals that are sent to the brain. | Retina |
| It serves as an extension of the central nervous system, it transmits electrical impulses from the eye to the brain for processing | Optic Nerve |
| It is located in the occipital lobe of the primary cerebral cortex (the very back of the brain) with the primary function of receiving, segmenting, and integrating the visual information that it got from the retina | Visual Cortex |
| It is located primarily in the retina's periphery capable of receiving light energy even in dimly lit conditions not involved with color perception | Rods |
| *concentrated in the middle of the retina *involved with color perception in brightly lit conditions | Cones |
| 3 Types of Cones | Red, Green, and Blue |
| the external and visible portion of the outer ear that collects sound waves and channels them into the ear canal | Pinna |
| also known as the "ear canal", this is the passage that is made up of bone and skin that leads towards the eardrum | Auditory Canal |
| more commonly referred to as the eardrum, it seperates the outer ear from the middle ear and vibrates with reception of sound | Tympanic Membrane |
| the three bones in the middle ear that are set in motion by the eardrum, transmits sound to the cochlea | Ossicles |
| Three Bones in the Middle Ear | Malleus/Incus/Stapes or Hammer/Anvil/Stirrup |
| Part of the inner ear that contains fluid and receptors that are vital to our hearing | Cochlea |
| Contains the organ of corti | Basilar Membrane |
| an organ that contains auditory (hair) cells, subject to pressure changes in cochlear fluid | Organ of Corti |
| the sensory cells of the auditory system, sound waves in the cochlea cause deflection of the hair cells which create electrical signals that are sent to the brain (auditory cortex in the temporal lobe) via the auditory nerve | Hair Cells |
| 4 Characteristics of Sound | Amplitude, Frequency, Complexity, Sound Localization |
| corresponds to the perpetual term "loudness" (volume), this characteristic is measured in decibels (dB) | Amplitude |
| corresponds to the perpetual term "pitch", this characteristic is measured in hertz | Frequency |
| Amplitude is measured in _________________. | Decibels (dB) |
| Frequency is measured in _________________. | Hertz (Hz) |
| corresponds to the perpetual term "timbre" or what might refer to as quality | Complexity |
| the listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in both direction and distance | Sound Localization |
| thin membrane found in the upper nasal cavity which contains olfactory receptor cells, the olfactory cells relay information to the olfactory bulb | Olfactory Epithelium |
| stimulate the olfactory epithelium | Odors & Scents |
| Taste Cells | chemical-sensitive receptors located in taste bud clusters that gather sensory stimulus that is then sent to the gustatory cortex |
| 5 Basic Taste Qualities | Sweetness, Saltiness, Sourness, Bitterness, and Umami |
| the largest organ of the body | skin |
| receptors that change their level of activity depending | thermoreceptors |
| sense pain by detecting damage to skin cells | nociceptors |
| receptors that sense physical change such as when an object makes contact and either presses firmly or merely brushes against the skin | mechanoreceptors |
| tactile receptors are not only found on the outer skin but also the lining of the mouth, throat, digestive system, inside the ear, and so on | tactile system |
| thin membrane found in the upper nasal cavity which contains olfactory receptor cells, the olfactory cells relay information to the olfactory bulb | Olfactory Epithelium |
| Odors & Scents | stimulate the olfactory epithelium |
| Taste Cells | chemical-sensitive receptors located in taste bud clusters that gather sensory stimulus that is then sent to the gustatory cortex |
| 5 Basic Taste Qualities | Sweetness, Saltiness, Sourness, Bitterness, and Umami |
| the largest organ of the body | skin |
| receptors that change their level of activity depending on the temperature | thermoreceptors |
| sense pain by detecting damage to skin cells | nociceptors |
| receptors that sense physical change such as when an object makes contact and either presses firmly or merely brushes against the skin | mechanoreceptors |
| tactile receptors are not only found on the outer skin but also the lining of the mouth, throat, digestive system, inside the ear, and so on | tactile system |
| thin membrane found in the upper nasal cavity which contains olfactory receptor cells, the olfactory cells relay information to the olfactory bulb | Olfactory Epithelium |
| stimulate the olfactory epithelium | Odors & Scents |
| chemical-sensitive receptors located in taste bud clusters that gather sensory stimulus that is then sent to the gustatory cortex | Taste Cells |
| 5 Basic Taste Qualities | Sweetness, Saltiness, Sourness, Bitterness, and Umami |
| the largest organ of the body | skin |
| receptors that change their level of activity depending | thermoreceptors |
| sense pain by detecting damage to skin cells | nociceptors |
| receptors that sense physical change such as when an object makes contact and either presses firmly or merely brushes against the skin | mechanoreceptors |
| tactile receptors are not only found on the outer skin but also the lining of the mouth, throat, digestive system, inside the ear, and so on | tactile system |
| Our sense of smell has its own special place in the brain --____ | olfactory bulbs |
| top layers of the skin | dermis & epidermis |
| skin sense | cold, warmth, pressure, and pain |
| found in the semicircular canals and vestibular sacs in the inner ear | vestibular receptors |
| vestibular recepetors are concered with the ___________ and ____________. | sense of balance, knowledge of body position |
| receptors that detect pain and pressure in the organ produce | visceral pain |
| sensations in the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints are referred to as _______ | somatic pain |
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