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EGB273 (completed)

Bridge Construction

QuestionAnswer
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF BRIDGES INCLUDE: Simply support Arch Cantilever Suspended
BRIDGE TYPES - SIMPLY SUPPORTED Consists of the deck, abutment, headstock and pier It is common to see variations in the superstructure
TYPICAL MEDIUM SPAN BRIDGE TYPICAL PRESTRESSED BOX GIRDER SUITED TO SPANS UP TO 30 METRES
VARIATION ON SIMPLE SPAN OVERSAILING SUPPORT PROVIDES REDUCTION IN BENDING MOMENT Elastometric Bearings are used at the connections of bridges DIFFERS FROM CONTINUOUS CONSTRUCTION - NO CONNECTION BETWEEN DIFFERENT SPANS
ELASTOMERIC BEARING purpose: The purpose of the elastomeric bearings is to support a bridge or other heavy structure in a way that permits the load to shift slightly, in a horizontal direction, relative to the ground or foundation.
CANTILEVER BRIDGES PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGE STEEL CANTILEVER BRIDGE
An ARCH BRIDGE consists of... a MULTI CENTRED ARCH, a KEYSTONE and the OUTWARD THRUST at the base of the bridge at each side of the bridge is TO BE CONTAINED
SUSPENSION BRIDGES consist of... SUSPENSION CABLES, TOWERS and a DECK HUNG FROM CABLES
CABLE STAYED BRIDGES consist of... CABLES, TOWERS, and the DECK STAYED DIRECTLY FROM TOWERS
TEMPORARY WORKS - ESTABLISHMENT - COMPOUND - BUILDINGS
TEMPORARY WORKS - ACCESS ACROSS WATER - TEMPORARY BRIDGE - PERSONNEL ACCESS
TEMPORARY WORKS - FALSEWORK - SUPPORT EQUIPMENT - FORMWORK - LIFTING DEVICES
FOUNDATIONS - HEAVY FOUNDATIONS REQUIRE HEAVY EQUIPMENT - FREQUENTLY CONSTRUCTED IN WATER IMPEDING ACCESS - OFTEN INFLUENCED BY TIDAL CONDITIONS - CREATE THE MOST UNPREDICTABILITY OF ALL ACTIVITIES - INEVITABLY ON THE CRITICAL PATH
CONCENTRATED LOADS ON FOUNDATIONS LIVE LOAD + IMPACT SUPERSTRUCTURE DEADLOAD HORIZONTAL LOAD SUBSTRUCTURE DEADLOAD UPLIFT LOAD ON PILES Impact loads from debris on floating on flood water
For a bridge, the AGGREGATION OF ALL LOADS is RESISTED BY the... PILING
SUBSTRUCTURES - PIERS COMPLICATED SHAPES (DESIGN INFLUENCED BY AESTHETICS) FORMWORK DIFFICULT TO BRACE (HEIGHT AND OVER WATER) VULNERABLE TO DAMAGE DURING CONSTRUCTION (FLOODING)
SUBSTRUCTURES - HEADSTOCKS COMPLICATED SHAPES (DESIGN AGAIN INFLUENCED BY AESTHETICS) FORMWORK DIFFICULT TO SUPPORT (HEIGHT AND OVERHANG) SECOND STAGE BEARING PLINTHS (HIGH LEVEL OF ACCURACY)
SUPERSTRUCTURES - DIFFICULT CONSTRUCTION - GENERALLY CANNOT BE SUPORTED FROM GROUND DURING CONSTRUCTION - REQUIRE HANDLING HEAVY WEIGHTS AT SIGNIFICENT HEIGHTS - ERECTION LOADS FREQUENTLY EXCEED WORKING LOADS - LONG SPAN MAKES CONTROL OF DIMENSIONS DIFFICULT
SUPERSTRUCTURES - MATERIALS - STEEL, REINFORCED CONCRETE, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE - COMPOSITE STEEL/CONCRETE, COMPOSITE FIBRE CONCRETE
LAUNCHING GIRDERS - USUALLY CONFINED TO TRUSS CONSTRUCTION Bridge spans are added by pushing them horizontally onto the piers using a rail track and trolleys and rollers on top of the piers
TARVELLER FORM ( cast in place ) Temporary metal truss is created that supports the creation of the formwork, concreting is conducted, and then the same procedure is repeated until construction of the bridge is completed
GANTRY ( precast ) A temporary structure is established and lifts the precast bridge components to where they need to be installed. The temporary structure lifts and puts in place the bridge components until the bridge is fully constructed
CONSTRUCTION ISSUES - SURVEY - LACK OF FIXED POINTS IN WATER - DIMENSIONAL CONTROL AFFECTED BY DYNAMIC MOVEMENT OF BRIDGE - UNBALANCED HEATING DURING DAY CREATES DISTORTION OF STRUCTURE - FREQUENT HIGH WINDS
CONSTRUCTION ISSUES - RIVER CHARACTERISTICS - MULTIPLE AUTHORITIES - RIVER TRAFFIC - FLOODING - POLUTION - TIDAL FLOW
CONSTRUCTION ISSUES - CLIMATIC CONDITIONS - WIND MORE CRITICAL THAN RAIN - GUST FACTOR FREQUENTLY 30% ABOVE STEADY WIND - LITTLE SHIELDING FROM TERRAIN (SIMILAR TO HIGHRISE) - VORTEX SHEDDING - SEVERE HEAT CAUSES DISTORTIONS
CONSTRUCTION ISSUES - ESTABLISHMENT AND ACCESS - MOVEMENT OF HEAVY EQUIPMENT - MATERIALS HANDLING - PERSONNEL ACCESS - PUBLIC PROTECTION - SECURITY
ENGINEERING DEMANDS for Bridges - SURVEY - LOCATING MAJOR STRUCTURES - DAY BY DAY DIMENSIONAL CONTROL - FINAL CLOSURE
ENGINEERING DEMANDS for Bridges - HEAVY EQUIPMENT - LIFTING GEAR - CRANES - BARGES
ENGINEERING DEMANDS for Bridges - TEMPORARY WORKS - FALSEWORK - FORMWORK - TEMPORARY QUAY
ENGINEERING DEMANDS for Bridges - ERECTION STRESSES - UNBALANCED LOADS - LOCAL OVERSTRESS - SIGNIFICANCE OF DISTORTION
Created by: Asher - S
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