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Psych Ch 6 Vocab
Memory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| memory | the ability to remember the things that we have experienced, imagined, and learned |
| information-processing model | a computerlike model used to describe the way humans encode, store, and retrieve information |
| sensory registers | entry points for raw information from the senses |
| attention | the selection of some incoming information for further processing |
| short-term memory (STM) | working memory; briefly stores and processes selected information from the sensory registers |
| chunking | the grouping of imformation into meaningful units for easier handling by short-term memory |
| rote rehearsal | retaining information in memory simply by repeating it over and over |
| long-term memory (LTM) | the portion of memory that is more or less permanent, corresponding to everything we "know" |
| serial position effect | the finding that when asked to recall a list of unrelated items, performance is better for the items at the beginning and end of the list |
| elaborative rehearsal | the linking of new information in short term memory to familiar material stored in long-term memory |
| schema (pl: schemata) | a set of beliefs or expectations about something that is based on past experience |
| episodic memory | the portion of long-term memory that stores personally experienced events |
| semantic memory | the portion of long-term memory that stores general facts and information |
| procedural memory | the portion of long-term memory that stores information relating to skills, habits, and other perceptual-motor tasks |
| emotional memory | learned emotional responses to various stimuli |
| explicit memory | memory for information that we can readily express in words and are aware of having; these memories can be intentionally retrieved from memory |
| implicit memory | memory for information that we cannot readily express in words and may not be aware of having; these memories cannot be intentionally retrieved from memory |
| decay theory | a theory that argues that the passage of time causes forgetting |
| retrograde amnesia | the inability to recall events preceding an accident or injury; but without loss of earlier memory |
| retroactive interference | the process by which new information interferes with information already in memory |
| proactive interference | the process by which information already in memory interferes with new information |
| mnemonics | techniques that make material easier to remember |
| childhood amnesia | the difficulty adults have remembering experiences from their first 2 years of life |
| eidetic imagery | the ability to reproduce unusually sharp and detailed images of something one has seen |
| mnemonist | someone with highly developed memory skills |
| flashbulb memory | a vivid memory of a certain event and the incidents surrounding it even after a long time has passed |
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